Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Artemisia sylvatica Maximowicz 1859 (Asteraceae)

Abstract

Artemisia sylvatica Maximowicz 1859 is one of the medicinal herbs in Artemisia. This study presents the complete chloroplast genome of A. sylvatica, sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq platform. The genome is 151,161 bp in length, featuring a GC content of 38%. It consists of a large single-copy (LSC) region of 82,892 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,353 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 24,958 bp each. In total, the genome contains 132 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis positions A. sylvatica within the subgenus Artemisia, highlighting its evolutionary relationships within this diverse genus. The first chloroplast genome of A. sylvatica was reported in this work contributes to the enrichment of genomic data for the genus Artemisia.

Keywords: Artemisia sylvatica; chloroplast genome; phylogenetic analyses.

Figure 1.

A Specimen of the A. sylvatica, (A)a whole plant without the root, exhibited in the Dabie Mountain Biodiversity Herbarium. (B) One of the flowers. (C) The phyllaries of one flower, (D) Bisexual florets inside one flower. The image a was taken by Qiaoyu Zhang. The images B, C and D were taken by Yuan Xu.

Figure 2.

The complete plastome map of A. sylvatica, which was generated by CPGview. LSC, SSC, and IRs (IRa and IRb) with their length are represented on the first circle. The second circle showed the GC ratio in dark gray. The outermost circle indicated gene names color-coded by their functional classification. The transcription directions for the inner and outer genes were clockwise and anticlockwise, respectively. The functional classification of the genes was shown in the bottom left corner. The optional codon usage bias was displayed in the parenthesis after the gene name.

Figure 3.

A maximum-likelihood (ML) based phylogenetic tree of A. sylvatica and related Artemisia species. The numbers on each node indicated the bootstrap support values. (A) The overall phylogeny of all the species and outgroups. A detailed phylogenetic relationship of those species was illustrated in Supplemental Table 1. Artemisia was classified into five major clades (Clade 8, Clade 7, Clade 4, Clade 1, and Clade 5 shown by different colors, respectively) (Jiao et al. 2023). (B) A clear relationship of A. sylvatica with the other 10 species in the same clade named Clade 8. The following sequences were used: Helianthus tuberosus (MG696658.1) (Zhong et al. 2019), Helianthus.annuus (NC 007977.1) (Timme et al. 2006), A.princeps (MF034021.1) (Min et al. 2019), A.montana (KF887960.1) (Cao et al. 2020), A.indica (NC 080507.1), A.lactiflora (MW411453.1) (Lan et al. 2022), A.tangutica (MT701043.1) (Yu et al. 2022), A.rubripes (MG951496.1) (Kim et al. 2020), A.argyi (KM386991.1) (Kang et al. 2016), A.argyrophylla (MF034022.1) (Kim et al. 2020), A.frigida (JX293720.1) (Jin et al. 2023a), A.juncea (NC 070198.1) (Jin et al. 2023b), A.gmelinii (KU736962.1) (Lee et al. 2016), A.freyniana (MG951487.1) (Kim et al. 2020), A.dracunculus (NC 066025.1), A.giraldii (OK128342.1) (Yue et al. 2022), A.parviflora (NC 086944.1), A.hallaisanensis (MG951490.1) (Lim et al. 2018), A.scoparia (MN385624.1) (Iram et al. 2019), A.desertorum (MW415428.1), A.capillaris (KU736963.1) (Lee et al. 2016), A.japonica (MG951491.1) (Kim et al. 2020), A.ordosica (MN932370.1) (Lu et al. 2020), A.keiskeana (MG951492.1) (Kim et al. 2020), A.apiacea (MG951483.1), A.annua (KY085890.1) (Xinqiang Guo et al. 2024), A.nakaii (MG951494.1) (Kim et al. 2020), A.fukudo (KU360270.1) (Kim et al. 2020), A.borotalensis (NC 066237.1), A.brevifolia (MT948202.1), A.karatavica (NC 070199.1), A.ferganensis (NC 070196.1), A.leucotricha (NC 070201.1), A.maritima (MK532038.1) (Jin et al. 2023c), A.qingheensis (NC 087976.1), A.santonicum (NC 070204.1), A.santolina (NC 070203.1), A.lessingiana (NC 087977.1), A.finita (NC 070197.1), A.lercheana (NC 070200.1), A.schrenkiana (NC 070206.1), A.terrae.albae (NC 070209.1), A.sublessingiana (NC 070208.1).