Antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation after percutaneous coronary intervention

Abstract

Introduction: Patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting usually require a period of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) but, when an indication for long-term oral anticoagulation (OAC) such as atrial fibrillation (AF) coexists, triple antithrombotic therapy (TAT) with DAPT and OAC causes concern for excessive bleeding. Achieving the right balance between bleeding and adequate protection from ischemic events remains an issue of debate and subject to ongoing investigation of various antithrombotic regimens and durations.

Areas covered: This review describes the landmark clinical trials comparing TAT to a period of dual antithrombotic therapy (DAT) and subsequent meta-analyses. It also describes the international recommendations that have been derived from this evidence and identifies outstanding issues that could be addressed in upcoming or future trials.

Expert opinion: The current recommended default strategy of a short period of TAT with clopidogrel followed by the withdrawal of aspirin faces a challenge from the prospect of more consistent P2Y₁₂ inhibition provided by ticagrelor and prasugrel. Ticagrelor monotherapy has already been trialed in patients after PCI without an indication for OAC. DAT with ticagrelor or prasugrel immediately post-procedure could emerge as a comparably safe and more efficacious regimen than one involving clopidogrel in the right setting.

Keywords: Anticoagulation; antiplatelet therapy; antithrombotic therapy; atrial fibrillation; bleeding; clopidogrel; percutaneous coronary intervention; ticagrelor.