Determinant genetic markers of semen quality in livestock

Abstract

The reproductive efficiency of livestock is crucial for agricultural productivity and economic sustainability. One critical factor in successful fertilization and the viability of offspring is the quality of semen. Poor semen quality, especially in frozen-thawed semen used in artificial insemination (AI) have been shown to influence conception outcomes, resulting a negative impact on livestock production. Recent advancements in genetic research have identified specific markers linked to semen quality traits in various livestock species, such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, buffalo, and equines. These genetic markers are essential in screening males for breeding suitability, which in turn enhances selective breeding programs. Understanding these markers is crucial for improving reproductive performance and increasing productivity in livestock populations. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the genetic markers associated with semen quality in key livestock. It explores the underlying genetic mechanisms and their practical implications in animal breeding and management. The review underscores the importance of integrating genetic insights into breeding strategies to optimize reproductive efficiency and ensure the sustainable development of livestock industries.

Keywords: genetic markers; livestock; reproductive efficiency; selective breeding; semen quality traits.

Figure 1

Schematic representation of genes involved in important biological processes and their associations with semen quality. This figure illustrates the relationships between various genes and their roles in biological processes such as sperm maturation, DNA integrity, spermatogenesis, oxidative stress response, and sperm motility. Please note that this figure is based on speculative information rather than validated data, and the depicted relationships should be interpreted with caution.