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. 2024 Nov;61(6):1019-1034.
doi: 10.1177/00223433231168182. Epub 2023 Sep 27.

'Those MONUSCO agents left while we were still pregnant': Accountability and support for peacekeeper-fathered children in the DRC

Heather Tasker  1 , Katie van der Werf  2 , Annie Bunting  1 , Susan A Bartels  3
Affiliations

'Those MONUSCO agents left while we were still pregnant': Accountability and support for peacekeeper-fathered children in the DRC

Heather Tasker et al. J Peace Res. 2024 Nov.

Abstract

The Democratic Republic of Congo hosts the longest-running and largest United Nations peacekeeping mission in history. The United Nations also has reckoned with sexual exploitation and abuse in its own ranks and, in 2003, recognized its importance with a Bulletin which became known as the 'zero tolerance policy'. Policymakers and researchers have paid little sustained attention, however, to children fathered by peacekeepers. In this article, we share the results of our mixed-methods SenseMaker® research with community members who interact with peacekeeping personnel and interviews with 58 women who are raising children fathered by peacekeepers. Despite the United Nations policies in place, most women did not report children fathered by peacekeepers and did not receive systematic support. The analysis reveals a large gap between the aspirations of the 'zero tolerance policy' and its operationalization in the Democratic Republic of Congo. We uncovered deep poverty and insecurity as both driving and resulting from women's sexual encounters with peacekeepers, with support needs largely unmet. We argue that there is a lack of enforcement of the United Nations policies, jurisdictional complexity and inaccessible justice, as well as significant gaps between the United Nations' approach to investigating and supporting children fathered by peacekeepers and the expectations of mothers, resulting in worsened life conditions for mothers and their children.

Keywords: DR Congo; access to justice; child support; gender violence.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Flow diagram for sampling of SenseMaker (SM) narratives and qualitative interviews. Green indicates data used in this article
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Triad question asking about support. Each dot represents an individual participant’s response. The percentage of responses in each of the vertices is presented
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Triad question asking about support with geometric mean and surrounding 95% confidence ellipse shown. The geometric mean was generated using R scripts to highlight prevailing perspectives
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Dyad question asking about perceived level of support disaggregated by whether the narrative was about sexual interactions or not. Dyad responses were analyzed in SPSS using the Kruskal–Wallis H test with a chi-squared test statistic to examine if the bar areas were statistically different between chosen groups
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Dyad asking about perceived level of support disaggregated by whether the narrative was about a peacekeeper-fathered child or not
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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