A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of anti-amyloid beta monoclonal antibodies in treatment of Alzheimer's disease
- PMID: 39432414
- DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2416947
A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of anti-amyloid beta monoclonal antibodies in treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease can cause dementia through brain matter degradation. This study investigates the monoclonal antibody usage for AD treatment, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and aims to discern the monoclonal antibody that offers the optimal balance of efficacy and safety for individuals with AD.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted across databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, and clinical trial registries for randomized controlled trials. The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias 2 tool. Cognitive function and daily activities were evaluated using MMSE, ADAS-Cog, and CDR-SB test data.
Results: According to CDR-SB measurements, lecanemab showed effectiveness in reducing brain amyloid and cognitive decline, with a change from baseline of 1.21. Aducanumab resulted in a decrease of -0.39 (-22%). Bapineuzumab showed no significant benefit, with scores of 2.4 (2.8). Gantenerumab, scoring 1.69 (1.37, 2.01), reduces amyloid, particularly in early Alzheimer's stages. Crenezumab was ineffective, with a score of 3.61.
Conclusion: The findings provide various perspectives. Lecanemab showed the most promise in brain amyloid reduction and decelerating cognitive decline compared to the other therapies. Further research is needed, highlighting the necessity of AD therapeutic research to alter AD's trajectory and provide reliable treatment.
Protocol registration: www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero identifier is CRD42024504358.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Anti Amyloid-beta; Brain Amyloid Reduction; CDR-SB; Humanized Antibodies; Lecanemab; Monoclonal Antibodies; Systematic Review.
Plain language summary
This study investigates the safety and efficacy of treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with monoclonal antibodies. In order to determine which antibody could be most helpful, we looked over a number of trials. Several antibodies, such as lecanemab, solanezumab, aducanumab, bapineuzumab, gantenerumab, and crenezumab, were the subject of the study.According to our research, lecanemab is particularly effective at lowering brain amyloid plaques and delaying cognitive deterioration, two major problems associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Other antibodies, such as solanezumab and bapineuzumab, had little to no beneficial effects, making their benefits less evident. The contradictory results of aducanumab indicate that further research is necessary to ascertain its actual efficacy. When administered at the earliest stages of Alzheimer’s disease or when used at a higher dose, crenezumab may be beneficial.Even though lecanemab seems promising, research in this field is still in its infancy. To validate these results and get further insight into the potential applications of these medicines in the management of Alzheimer’s disease, additional research is required. In summary, this study emphasizes the necessity of ongoing research to discover trustworthy treatments for AD patients.
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