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Review

Other Life-Threatening Infections

Rodrigo Martino  1
Anna Sureda  1 , Selim Corbacioglu  2 , Raffaella Greco  3 , Nicolaus Kröger  4 , Enric Carreras  5
, editors.
In: The EBMT Handbook: Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies [Internet]. 8th edition. Cham (CH): Springer; 2024. Chapter 39.
.
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Review

Other Life-Threatening Infections

Rodrigo Martino.
Free Books & Documents

Excerpt

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan that commonly infects animals and birds. Primary T. gondii infection in humans and other mammals is usually asymptomatic but leads to lifelong latent infection. Transmission to humans occurs by ingesting tissue cysts from undercooked meat or oocysts (released in the feces of cats). Latent cysts can give rise during immunosuppression to a severe localized reactivation producing, for example, toxoplasma encephalitis or chorioretinitis, with dissemination being common (Martino, et al.Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:1188–95; Martino et al. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:67–78; Tomblyn et al., Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009;15:1143–23; Martino, et al., Clin Infect Dis 1996;23:419–20.).

Very detailed guidelines for the management and diagnosis of toxoplasmosis following HCT have been recently finalized for the European Conference of Infections in Leukemia 9th Meeting (ECIL-9) conference and are being considered for publication as of June 2023 (Aerts et al., Under peer-review, 2023).

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References

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    1. Averbuch D, De Greef J, Duréault A, et al. European Study Group for Nocardia in hematopoietic cell transplantation. Nocardia infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: amulticenter international retrospective study of the infectious diseases working Party of the European Society for blood and marrow transplantation. Clin Infect Dis. 2022a;75:88–97. - PubMed
    1. Averbuch D, Tridello G, Wendel L, et al. Listeria infection in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: an international case-control study of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the EBMT. The 48th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation: Physicians—Oral Sessions (O009-O155). Bone Marrow Transplant. 2022b;57(Suppl 1):16–99. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-022-01815-2. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bambace NM, Poirier L, Cohen S, et al. Nocardiosis in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a matched case-control study of risk factors, clinical features and outcomes. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2013;19:S280.
    1. Bergeron A, Mikulska M, De Greef J, et al. Mycobacterial infections in adults with haematological malignancies and haematopoietic stem cell transplants: guidelines from the 8th European conference on infections in Leukaemia. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022 Dec;22:e359–69. - PubMed

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