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. 2024 Sep 22;16(9):e69912.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.69912. eCollection 2024 Sep.

Insights Into the Epidemiological, Clinical, Histopathological, and Dermoscopic Aspects of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis

Rishabh Jain  1 , Ravi Sangoi  2 , Shoraf Pascal  3 , Yagyavalkya Sharma  4   5 , Yash Variya Takodara  6 , Amit Ajay Singh  7 , Yashvee Shah  8 , Prashanth A  9 , Mohit Agrawal  10 , Pratibha Wankhede  11
Affiliations

Insights Into the Epidemiological, Clinical, Histopathological, and Dermoscopic Aspects of Chronic Plaque Psoriasis

Rishabh Jain et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Background Psoriasis is a persistent inflammatory condition of the skin marked by clearly demarcated red plaques adorned with silvery scales. It impacts individuals across different age ranges and presents with unique clinical, histological, and dermoscopic characteristics. This research seeks to offer an extensive assessment of the demographic, clinical, histological, and dermoscopic attributes of chronic plaque psoriasis (CPP). Methodology A total of 60 patients with CPP were included in this study. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, disease duration, clinical features, histopathological findings, and dermoscopic patterns. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20 (Released 2011; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York), employing descriptive statistics to summarize demographic and clinical characteristics and histopathological and dermoscopic findings. Results The study included 60 patients with CPP, predominantly aged 41-50 years (n=18, 30%), with a higher prevalence in males (n=35, 58.3%). Plaque psoriasis was the most common type observed (75%), with lesions primarily located on the scalp (n=30, 50%) and elbows (n=25, 41.7%), consistent with typical psoriasis distribution patterns. Histopathological analysis revealed acanthosis in 55 patients (91.7%) and parakeratosis in 50 patients (83.3%), indicating thickened epidermis and retention of nuclei in the stratum corneum, which are characteristic of psoriasis. Additionally, Munro's microabscesses were found in 30 patients (50%) and spongiform pustules in 10 patients (16.7%), supporting the diagnosis through classic markers. Dermoscopic evaluations identified red dots or globules in 55 patients (91.7%) and white scales in 50 patients (83.3%), essential for differentiating psoriasis from other skin conditions. Further dermoscopic findings included micro-erosions in 25 patients (41.7%), hemorrhagic spots in 15 patients (25%), and yellowish scales in 20 patients (33.3%), reflecting disease activity and inflammation. Conclusion This study underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach in diagnosing and managing CPP. The prevalence of psoriasis in middle-aged males and the common clinical presentation on the scalp and elbows are consistent with previous studies. Histopathological and dermoscopic features provide critical diagnostic support and can guide effective treatment strategies. Continued research is essential to enhance understanding and management of this prevalent dermatological condition.

Keywords: chronic plaque psoriasis; clinical features; dermoscopy; epidemiology; histopathology.

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Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of Madha Medical College and Research Institute issued approval MMCRI/IEC/2023/031. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Psoriasis severity bar graph
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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