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Review
. 2025 Jun 20;16(6):418-438.
doi: 10.1093/procel/pwae057.

Stress granules and organelles: coordinating cellular responses in health and disease

Ying Liu  1 , Yin Li  1 , Peipei Zhang  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Stress granules and organelles: coordinating cellular responses in health and disease

Ying Liu et al. Protein Cell. .

Abstract

Membrane-bound organelles and membraneless organelles (MLOs) coordinate various biological processes within eukaryotic cells. Among these, stress granules (SGs) are significant cytoplasmic MLOs that form in response to cellular stress, exhibiting liquid-like properties alongside stable substructures. SGs interact with diverse organelles, thereby influencing cellular pathways that are critical in both health and disease contexts. This review discusses the interplay between SGs and organelles and explores the methodologies employed to analyze interactions between SGs and other MLOs. Furthermore, it highlights the pivotal roles SGs play in regulating cellular responses and the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Gaining insights into these interactions is essential for deciphering the mechanisms underlying both physiological processes and pathological conditions.

Keywords: interplay; membraneless organelle; organelles; stress granules; techniques.

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Conflict of interest statement

None declared.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Membrane-bound and membraneless organelles that engage in crosstalk with SGs. SGs can interact with various organelles under different stress conditions to promote cellular responses to these stresses (created with BioRender.com, with permission).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Examples of interactions between SGs and other organelles. SGs can interact with MLOs and membrane-bound organelles through direct physical interaction and indirect crosstalk by exchanging proteins or RNAs (created with BioRender.com, with permission).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Methods for identifying components of different MLOs. Traditional techniques include biochemical fractionation and proximity labeling. In addition, RNA labeling and flow cytometry methods can be employed for this purpose, offering comprehensive insights into MLO composition (created with BioRender.com, with permission).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
GO results of three ontologies of overlapped components of SGs and nuclear speckles. The overlapped components of SGs and nuclear speckles mainly function in RNA splicing and regulation of RNA splicing (created with bioinformatics).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
KEGG analysis of overlapped components of SGs and nuclear speckles. The overlapped components of SGs and nuclear speckles are associated with the diseases pathway of ALS (created with bioinformatics).
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
GO results of three ontologies of overlapped components of SGs and nuclear stress bodies. The overlapped components of SGs and nuclear stress bodies mainly function in mRNA processing and the regulation of mRNA metabolic processes (created with bioinformatics).
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
KEGG analysis of overlapped components of SGs and nuclear stress bodies. The overlapped components of SGs and nuclear stress bodies are associated with the diseases pathway of ALS (created with bioinformatics).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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