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Review
. 2024 Dec;103(12):4989-5005.
doi: 10.1007/s00277-024-06052-9. Epub 2024 Oct 23.

Aplastic Anemia in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic: infection, vaccination, and pathophysiologic mechanisms

Nelson Luis Cahuapaza-Gutierrez  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Aplastic Anemia in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic: infection, vaccination, and pathophysiologic mechanisms

Nelson Luis Cahuapaza-Gutierrez. Ann Hematol. 2024 Dec.

Abstract

Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and vaccinated against COVID-19 could develop aplastic anemia (AA). Comprehensive review and analysis were conducted through a selective literature search in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science. For this analysis, 26 studies were included, comprising 16 case reports, 7 case series, and 3 observational studies, totaling 53 patients. The causes of acquired or idiopathic AA are diverse; this review presents recent findings, including possible new etiologies such as SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines. This possible association is explored, addressing the existing gap, and aiming to improve daily medical practice. This article reviews the relationship between AA and SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as COVID-19 vaccines, analyzing cases of de novo occurrence and relapses of AA. Although a definitive mechanistic link has not yet been established, possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are explored.

Keywords: Aplastic Anemia; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines (Source: Medical Subject Headings of the National Library of Medicine (MeSH NLM)).

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Ethics approval: This is a review study. No ethical approval is required. Competing interest: The authors declare no competing interests.

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