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Review
. 2024 Dec;45(4):797-807.
doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2024.08.002. Epub 2024 Sep 20.

Environmental Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Rachel M Bennett  1 , John P Reilly  2
Affiliations
Review

Environmental Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Rachel M Bennett et al. Clin Chest Med. 2024 Dec.

Abstract

Several environmental exposures increase susceptibility to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Specifically, chronic exposure to ambient air pollution, cigarette smoke, and alcohol "prime" the lung via epithelial injury, endothelial dysfunction, and immunomodulatory mechanisms, increasing the risk and severity of ARDS following an array of acute insults. Future research of these pathways may reveal therapeutic targets. Relevant emerging threats, such as electronic cigarettes and vaping, wildfire smoke, and the environmental hazards associated with climate change, may also be associated with ARDS. Building upon existing public policy interventions can prevent substantial morbidity and mortality from ARDS.

Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Acute respiratory failure; Air pollution; Alcohol use; Cigarette smoke; Environment.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure Dr R M. Bennett reports funding from the National Institutes of Health, United States (T32-HL098054). Dr J P. Reilly reports funding from the National Institutes of Health (R01-HL155159, U01-HL168419) and the Department of Defense, United States (W81XWH2010432).

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Lung “priming” by risk factors increases susceptibility to acute lung injury following precipitating events. (Created with BioRender.com)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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