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. 2024 Jul 13;3(8):101106.
doi: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101106. eCollection 2024 Aug.

Particulate Matter 2.5 Pollution Impact on Comorbid Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in the U.S

Ashish Kumar  1 , Sumanth Khadke  2 , Sadeer AlKindi  3 , Sanjay Rajagopalan  4 , Khurram Nasir  3 , Dhruv Kazi  5 , Javaria Ahmad  2 , Safi Khan  3 , Aarti Asnani  6 , Daniel Addison  7 , Diego Sadler  8 , Anita Deswal  9 , Ana Barac  10 , Avirup Guha  11 , Jennifer Liu  12 , Daniel Lenihan  13 , Tomas G Neilan  14 , Salim Hayek  15 , Joerg Hermann  16 , Anju Nohria  17 , Sourbha S Dani  2 , Sarju Ganatra  2
Affiliations

Particulate Matter 2.5 Pollution Impact on Comorbid Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in the U.S

Ashish Kumar et al. JACC Adv. .

Abstract

Background: Evidence regarding the effect of long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) 2.5 and comorbid cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is limited.

Objectives: In this study, the author report the association between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and CVD mortality, cancer mortality and comorbid cancer and CVD mortality in the U.S. population.

Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) WONDER (Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research) multiple-cause-of-death database was used to obtain U.S. county-level mortality and population estimates from 2016 to 2020. Data on average daily density of PM 2.5 were abstracted from the 2018 CDC's National Environmental Public Health Tracking system. Counties were divided into quartiles with Q1 representing counties with least average daily density and Q4 representing counties with maximum average daily density of PM 2.5. Age-adjusted mortality rates were abstracted for each quartile, for the overall population and subgroups of population.

Results: The age-adjusted mortality rates for CVD, cancer, and comorbid cancer and CVD mortality were 505.3 (range: 505.0-505.7), 210.7 (range: 210.5-210.9), and 62.0 (range: 61.8-62.1) per 100,000 person-years, respectively. CVD mortality had the highest percentage excess mortality in Q4 compared with Q1, followed by comorbid cancer and CVD. Cancer had the least percentage excess mortality. A disproportionate effect of PM 2.5 exposure was noted on vulnerable and minority groups, based on Social Vulnerability Index and race stratification, respectively.

Conclusions: Higher levels of long-term PM 2.5 exposure reported increased CVD mortality, cancer mortality and comorbid cancer and CVD disease mortality, with a pronounced detrimental effect in vulnerable and minority population.

Keywords: PM 2.5 exposure; cancer; cardio-oncology; cardiovascular disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Central Illustration
Central Illustration
ParticulateMatter 2.5 Pollution Impact on Comorbid Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in the United States
Figure 1
Figure 1
Heat Map of the United States Representing Comorbid Cancer and CVD Mortality per 100,000 Person-Years at the County Level From 2016 to 2020 No specific regional predilection was noted for comorbid cancer and CVD mortality. CVD = cardiovascular disease.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comorbid Cancer and CVD Mortality per 100,000 Person-Years at the County Level Stratified by PM 2.5 Quartile and SVI Quartile Increase in SVI quartile was associated with higher comorbid cancer and CVD mortality in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th PM 2.5 quartile. PM = particulate matter; SVI = Social Vulnerability Index; other abbreviation as in Figure 1.
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