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Review
. 2024 Oct 9:5:1408905.
doi: 10.3389/fpain.2024.1408905. eCollection 2024.

Pharmacology of spinal interventions: review of agents used in spine pain procedures

Ericson John V Torralba  1   2   3 , Robert F Short  2   4 , Jeffrey B Travers  2   3 , John M Mathis  2   4
Affiliations
Review

Pharmacology of spinal interventions: review of agents used in spine pain procedures

Ericson John V Torralba et al. Front Pain Res (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Spine procedures are commonly performed to diagnose and treat various spinal conditions, ranging from degenerative disc disease to vertebral fractures. These procedures often involve the use of pharmaceutical agents to enhance the efficacy of the intervention and improve patient outcomes. This review provides an overview of the pharmaceuticals commonly utilized in spine procedures, including corticosteroids, anesthetics, antibiotics, radiographic contrast, neurolytic agents, and materials used in kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty. This review summarizes the utilization of these pharmaceutical agents in spine procedures in an effort to optimize patient outcomes. Understanding the pharmacological properties and appropriate uses of these pharmaceuticals is essential for interventionalist and healthcare providers involved in the care of patients undergoing spinal interventions.

Keywords: pharmaceuticals; radiology; spine; spine interventional procedures; spine procedures.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Activation of inflammatory and immune mediators. Corticosteroids inhibit activation of phospholipase A2 which decreases the production of downstream response. This mechanism thereby inhibits the immunosuppression, angiogenesis, cellular metabolism, cell proliferation, and anti-apoptotic effects of NF-kB.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Basic structure of local anesthetics. Top intermediate linkage is an amide while the bottom intermediate linkage is an ester. These linkages join an aromatic ring and tertiary amine. Variations and extended functional groups create various local anesthetics.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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