Responses in weanling pigs fed low protein diets supplemented with dietary nucleotides

Abstract

Evidence suggests that nucleotide supplementation in diets improves intestinal development, immune function, and cell growth. Stressful events such as weaning in pigs may increase nucleotide demand, making exogenous supplementation potentially beneficial. This study evaluated the effects of low-protein (LP) diets supplemented with dietary nucleotides on growth performance, postweaning diarrhea (PWD), nutrient digestibility, and blood metabolites. A total of 210 piglets were weaned at 21 d of age, allowing a 3-d adaptation to a common nursery diet. At 24 d, pigs were reweighed (6.02 ± 0.05 kg) and allocated to 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design to give 7 replicates per treatment (n = 6 piglets per replicate). The 5 dietary treatments included (i) a high protein positive control diet (PC) with 24% crude protein (CP); (ii) a low protein negative control (NC) with 16% CP; (iii) an NC diet with nucleotide supplementation at 1 g/kg (NC01), 3 g/kg (NC03), or 9 g/kg (NC09). Diets were provided ad libitum for 35 d, and weekly feed intake (FI) and body weight (BW) were recorded. Blood samples were collected on day 32 and fecal samples were collected on days 33, 34, and 35 to determine serum metabolites and nutrient digestibility, respectively. Relative to PC, the NC diet had lower overall average daily gain (ADG) (343.5 vs. 305.5 g/d), incidence of PWD (2.5 vs. 1.2 diarrhea score), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (11.3 vs. 3.4 mg/dL); (P < 0.05, < 0.05, and < 0.0001, respectively). The nucleotide-supplemented diets, NC01, NC03, and NC09, had comparable (P > 0.05) overall ADG to the PC and decreased (P < 0.0001) BUN. Additionally, NC09 had decreased (P < 0.05) incidence of PWD compared to PC. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nitrogen increased linearly (P < 0.05) with nucleotide supplementation, although reducing CP decreased (P < 0.05) serum glutathione and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. However, IGF-1 concentration was linearly increased (P < 0.05) with nucleotide supplementation. Results suggest that feeding LP diets supplemented with dietary nucleotides after weaning can increase ATTD of nitrogen and protein utilization, reduce the incidence of PWD, and increase serum IGF-1 concentration while partially ameliorating the negative effects of LP diets on growth performance.

Keywords: blood urea nitrogen; growth performance; nucleotides; postweaning diarrhea.