Navigating Drug-Induced Lung Disease (DILD): A Comprehensive Review on Management and Prevention Strategies

Abstract

Drug-induced lung disease (DILD) is a significant and often overlooked adverse effect of pharmacological treatments, encompassing a range of pulmonary disorders triggered by medications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of DILD, focusing on its definition, pathophysiology, and clinical implications. We explore the epidemiology of DILD, highlighting the prevalence of various drugs associated with pulmonary toxicity and the factors influencing susceptibility. The review details the clinical presentation of DILD, including common symptoms and diagnostic challenges, and outlines diagnostic modalities such as imaging, pulmonary function tests, and invasive procedures. Management strategies are discussed, emphasizing the importance of timely drug discontinuation, supportive care, and the role of corticosteroids and novel therapies. Preventive measures, including pre-treatment evaluations and ongoing monitoring, are also addressed. The review concludes by examining future research directions and emerging therapies, aiming to enhance the understanding and management of DILD. This review is intended to aid healthcare professionals in recognizing, managing, and preventing drug-induced lung diseases, ultimately improving patient outcomes and safety.

Keywords: adverse drug reactions; diagnostic evaluation; drug-induced lung disease (dild); management strategies; preventive measures; pulmonary toxicity.

Figure 1. The clinical presentation of drug-induced lung disease (DILD)

Image Credit: Dr Srinivasulareddy Annareddy

Figure 2. Common drugs associated with drug-induced lung disease (DILD)

Image Credit: Dr Srinivasulareddy Annareddy