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. 2024 Oct 24;19(10):e0312580.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312580. eCollection 2024.

The dietary effects of two strain probiotics (Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis) on growth performance, immune response and gut microbiota in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Assel Paritova  1 , Akylbek Nurgaliyev  2 , Gulbaram Nurgaliyeva  2 , Nurzhan Abekeshev  2 , Altynay Abuova  3 , Faruza Zakirova  2 , Grzegorz Zwierzchowski  4 , Zhaxygali Kuanchaleyev  1 , Saltanat Issabekova  1 , Maigul Kizatova  5 , Zaure Sayakova  6 , Dinara Zhanabayeva  1 , Yelena Kukhar  1 , Ruslan Stozhkov  1 , Botagoz Aitkozhina  1 , Yevgeniy Mayer  1 , Svetlana Bayantassova  2 , Angsar Satbek  1 , Alexandr Andruchshak  1 , Kaissar Kushaliyev  2
Affiliations

The dietary effects of two strain probiotics (Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis) on growth performance, immune response and gut microbiota in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Assel Paritova et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

The aquaculture industry has been growing rapidly over the past few decades to meet future animal protein demands. However, intensive aquaculture industry faces challenges such as growth abnormalities, high mortality rates, water quality and intestinal health deterioration. Administering probiotics can serve as a nutritional strategy to enhance the immune system and growth performance of fish influxes of gut microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of two dietary probiotic strains L. mesenteroides and L. lactis on the growth performance, immunity, and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish were fed with basal and experimental diet supplemented by both L. mesenteroides and L. lactis bacteria at 106 cell/g for 8 weeks. Feeding a combination of L. mesenteroides and L. lactis resulted in significant improvements in feed utilization parameters (PER and FER) (P < 0.001), alternative complement pathway activity, intestinal lactic acid bacteria count (P < 0.012), mucus secretion (P < 0.002) and peroxidase activity (P < 0.001) compared to the control groups. Serum lysozyme activity also exhibited a significant increase in the L. mesenteroides and L. lactis dietary group (P < 0.011) compared to the control and single probiotic supplemented diet groups. Furthermore, Nile tilapia fed the L. mesenteroides and L. lactis supplemented diet showed enhanced growth performance metrics (weight gain, final weight and specific growth rate) compared to those fed control and single probiotic supplemented diets (P < 0.022). Additionally, superoxide dismutase activity was significantly elevated in the L.mesenteroides and L. lactis supplemented diet groups compared to the control and single L.mesenteroides supplemented diet groups (P < 0.017). These findings strongly indicate that a dietary combination of L. mesenteroides and L. lactis probiotics could function as a beneficial immunostimulant feed supplement in Nile tilapia aquaculture.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Comparison of total bacteria and LAB content of Nile tilapia intestines fed with control and probiotics supplemented diets for 8 weeks.
Data presented as the mean ±SEM from two combined independent experiments (n = 10 fish/group). Bars with different alphabet are statistically different (P ≤ 0.05). Bars with the same alphabet are statistically insignificant different (P ≥ 0.05). * LM; LL–L. mesenteroides; L. lactis.
Fig 2
Fig 2. Alternative complement pathway of Nile tilapia fed with control and probiotics supplemented diets.
Data presented as the mean ±SEM from two combined independent experiments (n = 10 fish/group). Bars with different alphabet are statistically different (P ≤ 0.05). Bars with the same alphabet are statistically insignificant different (P ≥ 0.05). * LM; LL–L. mesenteroides; L. lactis.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Serum and mucus bactericidal activity of Nile tilapia fed with control and probiotics supplemented diets.
Data presented as the mean ±SEM from two combined independent experiments (n = 10 fish/group). Bars with different alphabet are statistically different (P ≤ 0.05). Bars with the same alphabet are statistically insignificant different (P ≥ 0.05). * LM; LL—L. mesenteroides; L. lactis.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Serum and mucus lysozyme activity of Nile tilapia fed with control and probiotics supplemented diets.
Data presented as the mean ±SEM from two combined independent experiments (n = 10 fish/group). Bars with different alphabet are statistically different (P ≤ 0.05). Bars with the same alphabet are statistically insignificant different (P ≥ 0.05). * LM; LL—L. mesenteroides; L. lactis.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Serum peroxidase activity of Nile tilapia fed with control and probiotics supplemented diets.
Data presented as the mean ±SEM from two combined independent experiments (n = 10 fish/group). Bars with different alphabet are statistically different (P ≤ 0.05). Bars with the same alphabet are statistically insignificant different (P ≥ 0.05). * LM; LL—L. mesenteroides; L. lactis.
Fig 6
Fig 6. Superoxide dismutase activity of Nile tilapia fed with control and probiotics supplemented diets.
Data presented as the mean ±SEM from two combined independent experiments (n = 10 fish/group). Bars with different alphabet are statistically different (P ≤ 0.05). Bars with the same alphabet are statistically insignificant different (P ≥ 0.05). * LM; LL—- L. mesenteroides; L. lactis.
Fig 7
Fig 7. The effect of probiotics supplemented diets on mucus secretion.
Data presented as the mean ±SEM from two combined independent experiments (n = 10 fish/group). Bars with different alphabet are statistically different (P ≤ 0.05). Bars with the same alphabet are statistically insignificant different (P ≥ 0.05). * LM; LL—- L. mesenteroides; L. lactis.
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