Effect of prolonged sitting on dynamic cerebral autoregulation in the anterior and posterior cerebral circulations

Abstract

Individuals who experience prolonged sitting daily are reported to be at risk of developing cerebrovascular disease, which is associated, in part, with attenuation in cerebral blood flow regulation. However, the effect of prolonged sitting on dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), a crucial mechanism of cerebral blood flow regulation, remains unclear. Additionally, cerebrovascular disease occurs heterogeneously within cerebral arteries. The purpose of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that prolonged sitting attenuates dCA in the cerebral circulation heterogeneously. Twelve young, healthy participants were instructed to maintain a seated position for 4 h without moving their lower limbs. Mean arterial pressure and mean blood velocities of the middle cerebral artery (MCA V_m) and the posterior cerebral artery (PCA V_m) were measured continuously throughout the experiment. The dCA was assessed using transfer function analysis (TFA) with mean arterial pressure and either MCA V_m or PCA V_m. In the MCA, very low-frequency TFA-normalized gain decreased significantly during 4 h of prolonged sitting (P = 0.029), indicating an improvement rather than attenuation in dCA, despite a significant reduction in MCA V_m after 4 h of continuous sitting (P = 0.039). In the PCA, PCA V_m remained stable throughout the 4 h sitting period (P = 0.923), and all TFA parameters remained unchanged throughout the 4 h of sitting. Contrary to our hypothesis, these results suggest that the dCA in both the MCA and the PCA was well stabilized in healthy young individuals during acute prolonged sitting.

Keywords: cerebral blood flow velocity; middle cerebral artery; posterior cerebral artery; sedentary; transfer function analysis.

FIGURE 1

Mean blood velocity of middle cerebral artery (MCA V _m; a) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA V _m; b). All values are shown as the median (interquartile range).

FIGURE 2

The transfer function phase, normalized gain (nGain) and coherence of the anterior and posterior circulation in the very low‐frequency (VLF) range during 4 h of sitting. All values are shown as the mean ± SD or median (interquartile range). ^* P < 0.05 versus base.

FIGURE 3

The transfer function phase, normalized gain (nGain) and coherence of the anterior and posterior circulation in the low‐frequency (LF) range during 4 h of sitting. All values are shown as the mean ± SD or median (interquartile range).