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. 2024 Nov 5;13(21):e036254.
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.124.036254. Epub 2024 Oct 25.

Association of Hypertension With Early-Onset Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke by the Presence of Patent Foramen Ovale: A Case-Control Study

Jukka Putaala  1 , Bettina von Sarnowski  2 , Ulf Schminke  2 , Raila Busch  3 , Nicolas Martinez-Majander  1 , Pauli Ylikotila  4 , Riikka Lautamäki  5 , Marialuisa Zedde  6 , Teresa Grimaldi  7 , Tomi Sarkanen  8 , Marko Virtanen  9 , Kristina Ryliskiene  10 , Diana Zakarkaite  10 , Lauri Tulkki  1 , Jani Pirinen  11 , Radim Licenik  12 , Phillip Ferdinand  13 , Cheryl Oxley  14 , Janika Kõrv  15 , Piibe Muda  16 , Alessandro Pezzini  17 , Carlo Mario Lombardi  18 , Georgios Tsivgoulis  19 , Satu Suihko  11 , Heli Tolppanen  11 , Ana Catarina Fonseca  20 , Patricia Martínez-Sánchez  21 , Laura Amaya Pascasio  21 , Nilufer Yesilot  22 , Ali Elitok  23 , Ulrike Waje-Andreassen  24 , Sahrai Saeed  25 , Petra Redfors  26 , Odd Bech-Hanssen  27 , Juha Huhtakangas  28 , Marja Hedman  29 , Pekka Jäkälä  30   31 , Juha Sinisalo  11 , Eva Gerdts  32 ; SECRETO Study Group
Affiliations

Association of Hypertension With Early-Onset Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke by the Presence of Patent Foramen Ovale: A Case-Control Study

Jukka Putaala et al. J Am Heart Assoc. .
No abstract available

Keywords: blood pressure; foramen ovale, patent; hypertension; ischemic stroke; risk factors.

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Figures

Figure .
Figure .. Frequencies of hypertension in the study population and multivariable analysis of the association between hypertension and early‐onset cryptogenic ischemic stroke.
A, Frequencies and 95% CIs of hypertension in patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke without high‐risk patent foramen ovale (HR‐PFO), patients with HR‐PFO, and stroke‐free controls, shown for the overall cohort and by demographic subgroups. B, Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for the association of hypertension with cryptogenic ischemic stroke in the overall cohort, women, men, those aged 18 to 39 years, and those aged 40 to 49 years, stratified by the presence of HR‐PFO in patients. Model 1 is adjusted for demographics (age, sex, and level of education). Model 2 is adjusted for demographics and standardized stroke risk factors (SSRFs) including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and current smoking, when frequency allowed. Model 3 was further adjusted for abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, heavy alcohol use, psychosocial stress, and depression.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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