Rapid Molecular Diagnostics in Vulvovaginal Candidosis

Abstract

Background/objectives: Vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC) is a common condition among women, with current diagnostic methods relying on clinical evaluation and laboratory testing. These traditional methods are often limited by the need for specialized training, variable performance, and lengthy diagnostic processes, leading to delayed treatment and inappropriate antifungal use. This review evaluates the efficacy of molecular diagnostic tools for VVC and provides guidance on their application in clinical practice.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed to identify studies evaluating rapid diagnostic tests specifically for vulvovaginal Candida isolates. Inclusion criteria focused on studies utilizing molecular diagnostics for the detection of Candida species in VVC. Articles discussing non-vaginal Candida infections, non-English studies, and animal or in vitro research were excluded.

Results: Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, predominantly evaluating nucleid acid amplification tests/polymerase chain reaction (NAAT/PCR) assays and DNA probes. PCR/NAAT assays demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity (>86%) for VVC diagnosis, outperforming conventional diagnostic methods. Comparatively, DNA probes, while simpler, exhibited lower sensitivity. The included studies were mostly observational, with only one randomized controlled trial. Emerging diagnostic technologies, including artificial intelligence and integrated testing models, show promise for improving diagnostic precision and clinical outcomes.

Conclusions: Molecular diagnostics offer a significant improvement in VVC management, though traditional methods remain valuable in resource-limited settings.

Keywords: DNA probes; diagnostic techniques and procedures; molecular diagnostic techniques; nucleic acid amplification techniques; polymerase chain reaction; vulvovaginal candidiasis; vulvovaginal candidosis.

Figure 1

Flow Chart of study selection.