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. 2024 Oct 8;14(10):488.
doi: 10.3390/bios14100488.

ZnS and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite-Based Non-Enzymatic Biosensor for the Photoelectrochemical Detection of Uric Acid

Yao Zhao  1 , Niancai Peng  1 , Weizhuo Gao  1 , Fei Hu  1 , Chuanyu Zhang  1 , Xueyong Wei  1
Affiliations

ZnS and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite-Based Non-Enzymatic Biosensor for the Photoelectrochemical Detection of Uric Acid

Yao Zhao et al. Biosensors (Basel). .

Abstract

In this work, we report a study of a zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanocrystal and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite-based non-enzymatic uric acid biosensor. ZnS nanocrystals with different morphologies were synthesized through a hydrothermal method, and both pure nanocrystals and related ZnS/RGO were characterized with SEM, XRD and an absorption spectrum and resistance test. It was found that compared to ZnS nanoparticles, the ZnS nanoflakes had stronger UV light absorption ability at the wavelength of 280 nm of UV light. The RGO significantly enhanced the electron transfer efficiency of the ZnS nanoflakes, which further led to a better photoelectrochemical property of the ZnS/RGO nanocomposites. The ZnS nanoflake/RGO nanocomposite-based biosensor showed an excellent uric acid detecting sensitivity of 534.5 μA·cm-2·mM-1 in the linear range of 0.01 to 2 mM and a detection limit of 0.048 μM. These results will help to improve non-enzymatic biosensor properties for the rapid and accurate clinical detection of uric acid.

Keywords: ZnS; biosensor; photoelectrochemical; reduced graphene oxide; uric acid.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SEM images of (a) ZnS nanoflakes, (b) ZnS microparticles, (c) ZnS nanoflakes/RGO and (d) ZnS microparticles/RGO.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Absorption spectra of ZnS/RGO nanocomposites.
Figure 3
Figure 3
PEC responses of (a) ZnS nanocrystal and (b) ZnS/RGO nanocomposites. Schematic diagrams of the PEC responses of the (c) ZnS nanocrystal and (d) ZnS/RGO nanocomposites.
Figure 3
Figure 3
PEC responses of (a) ZnS nanocrystal and (b) ZnS/RGO nanocomposites. Schematic diagrams of the PEC responses of the (c) ZnS nanocrystal and (d) ZnS/RGO nanocomposites.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Resistance of ZnS nanocrystals and ZnS/RGO nanocomposites along the lateral and longitudinal directions. Schematic diagrams of lateral and longitudinal electron transfer ability of the (b,c) ZnS/RGO nanocomposites and (d,e) ZnS nanocrystals.
Figure 5
Figure 5
X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of ZnS/RGO nanocomposite and ZnS nanoflakes.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Full XPS spectrum of ZnS nanoflakes/RGO, (b) Zn2p XPS spectrum, (c) S2p XPS spectrum and (d) C1s XPS spectrum.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Full XPS spectrum of ZnS nanoflakes/RGO, (b) Zn2p XPS spectrum, (c) S2p XPS spectrum and (d) C1s XPS spectrum.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Cyclic voltammetry curves of ZnS and ZnS/RGO on the ITO electrode with 0.1 mM UA and without UA at a scanning speed of 0.05 V.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) Cyclic voltammetry curves of ZnS nanoflakes/RGO with UA at different voltage scanning speeds and (b) the linear fit curve of the current peak versus the square root of the scanning rate.
Figure 9
Figure 9
I–t response (a) and linear calibration (b) of the ZnS/RGO working electrode with continuous addition of 2 mM uric acid at an applied potential of 0.4 V. The inset is the i–t response with 0–0.1mM uric acid.
Figure 10
Figure 10
(a) Current responses of ZnS nanoflakes/RGO with 10 μM uric acid, 10 μM ascorbic acid and 10 μM dopamine. (b) Relative responses of uric acid, ascorbic acid and dopamine.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Long-term stability of the ZnS nanoflakes/RGO with uric acid at 0, 7, 15 and 30 days during one month.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Current response of the ZnS/RGO working electrode with continuous addition of uric acid at an applied potential of 0.4 V in artificial sweat.
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