Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Oct 1;15(10):292.
doi: 10.3390/jfb15100292.

The Effect of Erosive Media on the Mechanical Properties of CAD/CAM Composite Materials

Marwa M Alnsour  1   2 , Rasha A Alamoush  3 , Nikolaos Silikas  4 , Julian D Satterthwaite  4
Affiliations

The Effect of Erosive Media on the Mechanical Properties of CAD/CAM Composite Materials

Marwa M Alnsour et al. J Funct Biomater. .

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of acidic media storage (gastric acid and Coca-Cola) on the mechanical properties of CAD/CAM materials. Three types of materials were tested: a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) (Vita Enamic (En), VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany), a resin composite block (RCB) (Cerasmart (Cs), GC Corp, Japan), and a conventional resin-based composite (Gradia direct (Gr), GC Corp, Japan), which was used as a control. Beam-shaped specimens of each material, with dimensions of 16 mm × 4 mm × 1.5 mm, were prepared (90 in total). The specimens were divided into subgroups (10 each) and stored for 96 h in either gastric acid, Coca-Cola, or distilled water. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were evaluated using a three-point flexural strength test with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. Vickers microhardness was measured before and after storage in gastric acid and Coca-Cola. Data were statistically analysed using two-way and one-way ANOVA, the Tukey's post hoc, and independent t-test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that Cs and En maintained their flexural strength and elastic modulus after acidic media exposure, while Gr experienced a significant decrease in flexural strength following gastric acid storage (p < 0.01). Initial crack detection was not possible using the AE system, impacting the determination of flexural strength. Exposure to acidic media decreased all materials' microhardness, with Gr showing the most notable reduction (p < 0.0001). Gastric acid had a greater impact on the microhardness of all tested materials compared to Coca-Cola (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, storage in erosive media did not notably affect the flexural strength or elastic modulus of CAD/CAM composites but it did affect hardness. CAD/CAM composite blocks demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to the conventional composite.

Keywords: PICN; RCB; acidic media; elastic modulus; flexural strength; microhardness; polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network; resin composite blocks.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Printed screen from AEwin software. The Y-axis represents the amplitude (dB unit) that has been recorded by the acoustic emission machine during the loading process while the X-axis represents time (Seconds). The only amplitude peak that exceeds the 45 dB threshold is the one at the fracture point (see the arrow).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scanning electron microscope images of the examined materials. (a–c): Gradia (a) without storage in acidic media, (b) after storage in gastric acid, and (c) after storage in Coca-Cola. (d–f): Cerasmart (d) without storage in acidic media, (e) after storage in gastric acid, and (f) after storage in Coca-Cola. (g–i): Enamic (g) without storage in acidic media, (h) after storage in gastric acid, and (i) after storage in Coca-Cola.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scanning electron microscope images of the examined materials. (a–c): Gradia (a) without storage in acidic media, (b) after storage in gastric acid, and (c) after storage in Coca-Cola. (d–f): Cerasmart (d) without storage in acidic media, (e) after storage in gastric acid, and (f) after storage in Coca-Cola. (g–i): Enamic (g) without storage in acidic media, (h) after storage in gastric acid, and (i) after storage in Coca-Cola.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Mehta S.B., Banerji S., Millar B.J., Suarez-Feito J.M. Current concepts on the management of tooth wear: Part 1. Assessment, treatment planning, and strategies for the prevention and the passive management of tooth wear. Br. Dent. J. 2012;212:17–27. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2011.1099. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Hemmings K., Truman A., Shah S., Chauhan R. Tooth wear guidelines for the BSRD part 1: Aetiology, diagnosis, and prevention. Dent. Update. 2018;45:483–495. doi: 10.12968/denu.2018.45.6.483. - DOI
    1. Ganss C., Young A., Lussi A. Tooth wear and erosion: Methodological issues in epidemiological and public health research and the future research agenda. Community Dent. Health. 2011;28:191–195. - PubMed
    1. Hemmings K., Truman A., Shah S., Chauhan R. Tooth wear guidelines for the BSRD part 2: Fixed management of tooth wear. Dent. Update. 2018;45:590–600. doi: 10.12968/denu.2018.45.7.590. - DOI
    1. Mehta S.B., Banerji S., Millar B.J., Suarez-Feito J.M. Current concepts on the management of tooth wear: Part 4. An overview of the restorative techniques and dental materials commonly applied for the management of tooth wear. Br. Dent. J. 2012;212:169–177. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.137. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources