First Detection of Hepatitis E Virus RNA in Ovine Raw Milk from Herds in Central Italy

Abstract

HEV mainly enters animal and human hosts through the orofecal route, which presents a critical health concern alongside the associated environmental variable. Among products of animal origin, milk (both ovine and bovine) can harbor HEV RNA, which can potentially be transmitted to consumers. In this study, a total of 220 raw ovine milk samples were collected from Apennine breed subjects farmed (transhumance method) in three different Italian provinces, L'Aquila, Pescara, and Teramo, located in the Abruzzo region (Central Italy). All the specimens were screened using one-step real-time RT-qPCR and nested RT-PCR assays. Among them, 5/220 or 2.27% harbored HEV RNA fragments belonging to the ORF1 and ORF2 codifying regions of the genotype 3c. The average viral amount discovered was 10² GE/mL. These subjects represented 2/57 or 3.51% of the Pescara herd, and 3/105 or 2.86% of the Teramo herd. Although HEV RNA was discovered in sheep fecal samples, the original data obtained in the present study represent the first HEV RNA detection in ovine raw milk from Italy.

Keywords: RNA; food safety; hepatitis E virus; molecular biology; ovine; public health; raw milk.

Figure 1

Animal herd distributions and the respective transhumance routes of the screened subjects in the Abruzzo region, Central Italy.

Figure 2

Electrophoresis assay relative results (agarose gel 2.0%), showing positive nitid bands belonging to the nested PCR product (145 bp) genetic determinants of ORF-2. S: standard (DNA ladder 50 bp (Genetics^® Fast Gene, Düren, Germany)); K+: positive control; K−: negative control.