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. 2024 Oct 11;13(20):3228.
doi: 10.3390/foods13203228.

Prediction and Visualization of Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen in Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) Using Shortwave Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging

Sang Seop Kim  1 , Dae-Yong Yun  1 , Gyuseok Lee  2 , Seul-Ki Park  2 , Jeong-Ho Lim  1   2 , Jeong-Hee Choi  1   2 , Kee-Jai Park  1   2 , Jeong-Seok Cho  1   2
Affiliations

Prediction and Visualization of Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen in Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) Using Shortwave Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging

Sang Seop Kim et al. Foods. .

Abstract

In the present investigation, we have devised a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) apparatus to assess the chemical characteristics and freshness of the yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) throughout its storage period. This system operates within the shortwave infrared spectrum, specifically ranging from 900 to 1700 nm. A variety of spectral pre-processing techniques, including standard normal variate (SNV), multiple scatter correction, and Savitzky-Golay (SG) derivatives, were employed to augment the predictive accuracy of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N)-which serves as a critical freshness parameter. Among the assessed methodologies, SG-1 pre-processing demonstrated superior predictive accuracy (Rp2 = 0.8166). Furthermore, this investigation visualized freshness indicators as concentration images to elucidate the spatial distribution of TVB-N across the samples. These results indicate that HSI, in conjunction with chemometric analysis, constitutes an efficacious instrument for the surveillance of quality and safety in yellow croakers during its storage phase. Moreover, this methodology guarantees the freshness and safety of seafood products within the aquatic food sector.

Keywords: chemical imaging; freshness evaluation; hyperspectral imaging; spectral pre-processing; total volatile basic nitrogen.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mean spectra of yellow croakers stored for different intervals in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) band region (900–1700 nm). (A), raw spectra; (B), SNV; (C), MSC; (D), SG-1; (E), SG2.
Figure 2
Figure 2
PLS score plots for classifying the freshness of yellow croaker according to storage periods. (A), raw spectra; (B), SNV; (C), MSC; (D), SG-1; (E), SG-2.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Accuracy of predicting TVB-N in yellow croaker by partial least-squares models using various pre-processed hyperspectral spectra. (A) raw, (B) SNV, (C) MSC, (D) SG-1, and (E) SG-2.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Chemical imaging of freshness according to the storage periods of the yellow croaker. (A) original RGB images, (B) hyperspectral based chemical imaging for the prediction of TVB-N contents.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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