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Review
. 2024 Oct 10;12(10):2302.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12102302.

The Mechanism and Latest Research Progress of Blood-Brain Barrier Breakthrough

Fei Wang  1 , Liujie Qi  1 , Zhongna Zhang  1 , Huimin Duan  1 , Yanchao Wang  1 , Kun Zhang  2 , Jingan Li  1
Affiliations
Review

The Mechanism and Latest Research Progress of Blood-Brain Barrier Breakthrough

Fei Wang et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

The bloodstream and the central nervous system (CNS) are separated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), an intricate network of blood vessels. Its main role is to regulate the environment within the brain. The primary obstacle for drugs to enter the CNS is the low permeability of the BBB, presenting a significant hurdle in treating brain disorders. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in researching methods to breach the BBB. However, understanding how to penetrate the BBB is essential for researching drug delivery techniques. Therefore, this article reviews the methods and mechanisms for breaking through the BBB, as well as the current research progress on this mechanism.

Keywords: adsorption-mediated transport; blood–brain barrier; carrier-mediated transport; cerebrovascular disease; passive diffusion; receptor-mediated transport.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The structure of BBB and four methods of breaking through BBB.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Transferrin receptors 1 (TfR1) facilitate the absorption of transferrin (Tf) and ferritin. Specifically, iron-saturated total Tf attaches to TfR1 on the surface of cells, and this combination is then taken into the cell through clathrin-mediated endocytosis [50].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Design and synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2-Tat magnetic NPs can enhance the permeability of the entire BBB [90].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Various types of nanoparticles.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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