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Review
. 2024 Oct 14;13(20):6119.
doi: 10.3390/jcm13206119.

Aggressive Types of Malignant Thyroid Neoplasms

Maria Boudina  1 , Eleana Zisimopoulou  1 , Persefoni Xirou  2 , Alexandra Chrisoulidou  1
Affiliations
Review

Aggressive Types of Malignant Thyroid Neoplasms

Maria Boudina et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) includes many subtypes, which demonstrate favorable to aggressive behavior. During the past decades, efforts have been made to describe aggressive thyroid cancers. Within DTC, aggressive variants constitute rare entities with unique histopathological features and compromised survival, as local and distant metastatic disease is frequent. In recent years, the distinct category of poorly differentiated thyroid cancer was introduced in 2004 and the type of differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma was recently added in the 2022 WHO classification of thyroid neoplasms. Finally, anaplastic thyroid cancer exhibits a rapid, resistant to therapy, progression and confers the shortest survival. In this review, we will present the characteristics of these thyroid cancer types and also discuss the treatment, management, and follow-up of these difficult cases. Emphasis was given to recent bibliography of the last decade.

Keywords: anaplastic thyroid cancer 4; differentiated 1; differentiated high-grade 3; poorly differentiated 2.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Classification of aggressive types of thyroid cancer.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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