Efficacy of Colchicine for Prevention of Stroke and Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Meta-analysis of 16 Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract

Background: Colchicine has been shown to reduce adverse cardiovascular events (ACE) and stroke among patients with coronary artery disease. However, its efficacy with short- and long-term use and risk of stroke has not been well studied, with conflicting results to date.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the efficacy of colchicine for the prevention of stroke and other cardiovascular outcomes and to evaluate the effect of short- and long-term use.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature search on PubMed, EMBASE, and Clinicaltrial.gov for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception until July 20th, 2024. Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using a random-effect model, and a p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: A total of 16 RCTs with 24,967 patients were included (12,538 in colchicine group and 12,429 in the control group) in the analysis. Pooled analysis of primary outcomes showed that risk of incidence of stroke was comparable between colchicine and placebo groups (OR 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59-1.02, p = 0.07). Pooled analysis of secondary outcomes showed that colchicine significantly reduced the risk of incidence of ACE by 33% (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54-0.82, p < 0.001), and myocardial infarction by 21% (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.65-0.95, p = 0.01) compared with placebo. However, the risk of all-cause mortality (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.79-1.21, p = 0.83) and cardiovascular mortality (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.56-1.08, p = 0.14) were comparable between both groups of patients.

Conclusion: Colchicine was associated with an overall reduction in the risk of incidence of ACE and MI; however, no such effect was observed with mortality and stroke.