Potential of pre-diagnostic metabolomics for colorectal cancer risk assessment or early detection

Abstract

This systematic review investigates the efficacy of metabolite biomarkers for risk assessment or early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) and its precursors, focusing on pre-diagnostic biospecimens. Searches in PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS through December 2023 identified relevant prospective studies. Relevant data were extracted, and the risk of bias was assessed with the QUADAS-2 tool. Among the 26 studies included, significant heterogeneity existed for case numbers, metabolite identification, and validation approaches. Thirteen studies evaluated individual metabolites, mainly lipids, while eleven studies derived metabolite panels, and two studies did both. Nine panels were internally validated, resulting in an area under the curve (AUC) ranging from 0.69 to 0.95 for CRC precursors and 0.72 to 1.0 for CRC. External validation was limited to one panel (AUC = 0.72). Metabolite panels and lipid-based biomarkers show promise for CRC risk assessment and early detection but require standardization and extensive validation for clinical use.

Fig. 1

Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram.

Fig. 2. Associations between individual metabolites and colorectal cancer risk, categorized by direction of association.

A Inversely associated metabolites with colorectal cancer risk. B Positively associated metabolites with colorectal cancer risk. Note: metabolites are grouped by Super Class from the Human Metabolome Database. Metabolites reportedas ratios are excluded.