Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Apr 30;79(2):426-436.
doi: 10.32592/ARI.2024.79.2.426. eCollection 2024 Apr.

Anti-proliferative Activity of Vitex negundo Leaf Extracts on PA1 Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines

P S Shettar  1 , M B Hiremath  1 , V M Kumbar  2
Affiliations

Anti-proliferative Activity of Vitex negundo Leaf Extracts on PA1 Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines

P S Shettar et al. Arch Razi Inst. .

Abstract

In Ayurveda, Vitex negundo (VN) is used as a drug to manage pain, inflammation, and problems related to polycystic ovary disease and the menstrual cycle. The bioactive compounds isolated from this plant exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and microbicidal properties. The shrub VN is known for its role in the modulation of cellular events like apoptosis and cell cycle. There is still a scarcity of data in the literature on the cytotoxic activity of VN extracts on ovarian cancer. Therefore, in the present study, the phytochemical composition, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer activities of leaf extracts were evaluated. The chloroform and methanol fractions exhibited higher phenolic content (161.04 ± 0.02 mg/g GAE and 152.56 ± 0.05 mg/g GAE, respectively) than those of other fractions. The aqueous and petroleum ether fractions exhibited higher flavonoid content (215.27 ± 0.28 mg/g QE and 111.82 ± 0.05 mg/g QE, respectively). The acetone and methanol extracts showed significant anti-oxidant capacities. Both leaf extracts of VN inhibited PA1 cancer cell growth in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 88.01 ± 3.14 and 112.30 ± 1.93 μg/ml, respectively, as compared to the standard drug Doxorubicin with IC50 value 2.91 μg/ml (P<0.05, One-way ANOVA). The gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis allowed us to identify twenty-five bioactive compounds in acetone extract and twenty-two in methanol extract. Therefore, further studies should focus on the isolation of novel compounds that are more effective and less toxic, and that constitute interesting substitutes for the development of anti-cancer drugs.

Keywords: Anti-oxidant activities; Anti-proliferative; GC-MS analysis; Ovarian cancer; Vitex negundo (VN).

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Photograph of Vitex negundo
Figure 2
Figure 2
Phospho-molybdenum assay of Vitex negundo leaf extracts. Ascorbic acid is used as a standard.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay of Vitex negundo leaf extracts. Ascorbic acid is used as standard.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Percentage Cell viability of Vitex negundo extracts (acetone, methanol) and Doxorubicin drug on PA1 Ovarian cancer cell lines (p<0.05, One-Way ANOVA).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Morphological changes of PA1 Ovarian Cancer Cell lines, negative control, Doxorubicin and VN plant extracts (acetone, methanol) for 48 hours VC- Viable cells, DC- Dead cells, CD- Cell debris
Figure 4
Figure 4
GC-MS Chromatogram of acetone extract of Vitex negundo showing 25 bioactive compounds.
Figure 5
Figure 5
GC-MS Chromatogram of methanol extract of Vitex negundo showing 22 bioactive compounds.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Vishwanathan AS, Basavaraju R. A review on Vitex negundo L.: A medicinally important plant. Eur J Biol Sci. 2010;3(1):30–42.
    1. Gill BS, Mehra R, Navgeet G, Kumar S. Vitex negundo and its medicinal value. Mol. Biol. Rep. 2018;45(6):2925–34. - PubMed
    1. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49. - PubMed
    1. Atallah GA, Abd. Aziz NH, Teik CK, Shafiee MN, Kampan NC. New predictive biomarkers for ovarian cancer. Diagnostics. 2021;11(3):465. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A. Cancer statistics for Hispanics/ Latinos, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012;62(5):283–298. - PubMed

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources