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. 2024 Sep 28;16(9):e70365.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.70365. eCollection 2024 Sep.

The Retention Rate and Safety of Secukinumab as a First-Line Biologic Agent in Axial Spondyloarthritis Compared to a First Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitor: A Real-World, Longitudinal Study

Salma Zemrani  1 , Bouchra Amine  1 , Imane El Binoune  1 , Samira Rostom  1 , Latifa Tahiri  2 , Fadoua Allali  2 , Rachid Bahiri  1
Affiliations

The Retention Rate and Safety of Secukinumab as a First-Line Biologic Agent in Axial Spondyloarthritis Compared to a First Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Inhibitor: A Real-World, Longitudinal Study

Salma Zemrani et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Background and objective Secukinumab (SECU) is a biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (bDMARD) that has demonstrated effectiveness against axial spondyloarthritis (ax-SpA). However, in clinical practice, secukinumab is most commonly used as a second-line treatment after failure of or intolerance to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). In this study, we aimed to compare the two-year drug retention between secukinumab and TNFi in biologic-naïve patients with ax-SpA, to estimate the remission/low disease activity (LDA) rates in both groups and assess the safety profiles. Methods This was a longitudinal observational study involving patients with ax-SpA who were biologic-naïve and were receiving SECU or TNFi between December 2019 and December 2021. The two-year therapeutic retention rate in both groups was determined. Remission and LDA rates obtained at 24 months according to the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score based on C-reactive protein (ASDAS-CRP) scale, as well as the safety profile, were compared between the two groups. Results Seventy-five patients were included in the study. Of them, 34.6% received SECU, while 65.3% received TNFi; 85.3% were males. The mean age was 37.8 ±9 years, the mean disease duration was 10.2 ±6.1 years, and the initial ASDAS-CRP was 3.5 ±0.8. At 24 months; the therapeutic retention rate was 70% for SECU and 66% for TNFi. The reasons for discontinuation were inefficacy (SECU: 11.5%, TNFi: 20.4%, p=0.33), side effects (SECU: 0, TNFi: 4.1%, p=0.29), and socioeconomic conditions (SECU: 15.5%, TNFi: 10.2%, p=0.51). The rate of patients achieving remission and LDA was comparable between the two groups: (remission - SECU: 23.1%, TNFi: 24.5%, p=0.92; LDA - SECU: 73.1%, TNFi: 73.5%, p=0.16). There was no statistically significant difference in the safety profile. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the effectiveness and safety of secukinumab for ax-SpA in biologic-naïve patients are comparable to those of TNFi.

Keywords: effectiveness; retention rate; secukinumab; spondyloarthritis; tnf-inhibitors.

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Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Ethics Committee for Biomedical Research Mohammed V University- Rabat issued approval 37/24. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Kaplan–Meier curves for drug retention at 24 months for secukinumab and TNFi
*Values adjusted for age, sex, baseline ASDAS-CRP, and fibromyalgia The graph includes adjusted and unadjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for drug survival in secukinumab versus TNFi patients ASDAS-CRP: Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score based on C-reactive protein; TNFi: tumor necrosis factor inhibitor
Figure 2
Figure 2. Remission/LDA rates in secukinumab (A) and TNFi (B) groups during 24 months of follow-up
LDA: low disease activity; TNFi: tumor necrosis alpha inhibitor
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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