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Review
. 2025 Jan 1;37(1):80-85.
doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000001060. Epub 2024 Oct 21.

Inclusion body myositis: an update

Nicolaas C Anderson  1 , Thomas E Lloyd
Affiliations
Review

Inclusion body myositis: an update

Nicolaas C Anderson et al. Curr Opin Rheumatol. .

Abstract

Purpose of review: To review recent advances in our understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of inclusion body myositis (IBM).

Recent findings: Recent epidemiologic studies have highlighted the morbidity and mortality associated with IBM, including the impact of dysphagia. Multiomic analyses of IBM tissues have identified new pathogenic pathways and biomarkers for use in clinical trials. New diagnostic criteria and outcome measures have been proposed to improve clinical trial design. Ongoing clinical trials are targeting T cells and autophagy.

Summary: Improvements in our understanding of IBM pathogenesis are identifying new pathways and biomarkers that need validation in larger cohorts. Exercise remains the primary therapeutic modality available, and new treatment targets are needed.

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References

    1. Lindgren U, Pullerits R, Lindberg C, Oldfors A. Epidemiology, survival, and clinical characteristics of inclusion body myositis. Ann Neurol 2022; 92:201–212.
    1. Shelly S, Mielke MM, Mandrekar J, et al. Epidemiology and natural history of inclusion body myositis. Neurology 2021; 96:e2653–e2661.
    1. Lindgren U, Hedberg-Oldfors C, Pullerits R, et al. Inclusion body myositis with early onset: a population-based study. J Neurol 2023; 270:5483–5492.
    1. Naddaf E, Shelly S, Mandrekar J, et al. Survival and associated comorbidities in inclusion body myositis. Rheumatology 2021; 61:2016–2024.
    1. Senn KC, Thiele S, Kummer K, et al. Cost of illness in inclusion body myositis: results from a cross-sectional study in Germany. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:337.

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