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Review
. 2024 Dec 31;13(1):2415878.
doi: 10.1080/20450907.2024.2415878. Epub 2024 Oct 29.

The challenges and clinical landscape of glioblastoma immunotherapy

Andrew Timothy Ng  1 , Tyler Steve  1 , Kevin T Jamouss  1 , Abdul Arham  1 , Sarah Kawtharani  2 , Hazem I Assi  3
Affiliations
Review

The challenges and clinical landscape of glioblastoma immunotherapy

Andrew Timothy Ng et al. CNS Oncol. .

Abstract

Glioblastoma is associated with a dismal prognosis with the standard of care involving surgery, radiation therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy. This review investigates the features that make glioblastoma difficult to treat and the results of glioblastoma immunotherapy clinical trials so far. There have been over a hundred clinical trials involving immunotherapy in glioblastoma. We report the survival-related outcomes of every Phase III glioblastoma immunotherapy trial with online published results we could find at the time of writing. To date, the DCVax-L vaccine is the only immunotherapy shown to have statistically significant increased median survival compared with standard-of-care in a Phase III trial: 19.3 months versus 16.5 months. However, this trial used an external control group to compare with the intervention which limits its quality of evidence. In conclusion, glioblastoma immunotherapy requires further investigation to determine its significance in improving disease survival.

Keywords: cancer vaccines; clinical research; clinical trials; drug resistance; glioblastoma; immunotherapy.

Plain language summary

[Box: see text].

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

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