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Review
. 2024 Oct 7;30(37):4104-4114.
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i37.4104.

Long COVID and gut candidiasis: What is the existing relationship?

Filippo Bistagnino  1 , Davide Pizzi  1 , Filippo Mantovani  1 , Jacopo Rosso Antonino  2 , Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone  3
Affiliations
Review

Long COVID and gut candidiasis: What is the existing relationship?

Filippo Bistagnino et al. World J Gastroenterol. .

Abstract

Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 pandemic, thousands of articles on the topic have been published, and although there is a growing trend of research on another associated condition, long coronavirus disease, important points still remain to be clarified in this respect. Robust evidence has suggested a relevant link between new clinical discoveries and molecular mechanisms that could be associated with the manifestations of different signs and symptoms involving cases of long COVID. However, one of the existing gaps that requires further investigation concerns a possible relationship between gut candidiasis and long COVID. While recent studies also suggest an interplay between the occurrence of these two conditions, it is not yet fully clear how this may happen, as well as the specifics regarding the possible pathophysiological mechanisms involved. In this connection and with the advent of a potential strengthening of the body of evidence supporting the hypothesis of a link between gut candidiasis and long COVID, a better understanding of the clinical presentation, pathophysiology and clinical management of such a relationship should be essential and useful for both, additional advances towards more targeted research and appropriate case management. Knowing more about the signs, symptoms, and complications associated with cases of long COVID is essential in order to more effectively mitigate the related burden and provide a higher quality of care and life for the affected population. In light of this and the need for better outcomes, here we review and discuss the content on different aspects of long COVID, including its pathophysiology and the existing evidence of a potential relationship between such a condition and gut candidiasis, as well as suggest propositions for future related research.

Keywords: COVID-19; Candidiasis; Gastrointestinal microbiome; Pandemics; Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article. Tovani-Palone MR discontinued his affiliation with SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Typical clinical features in patients with long coronavirus disease. Source: Image created using Biorender, with content adapted from[16-18]. COVID: Coronavirus disease.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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