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Case Reports
. 2024 Dec:125:110536.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.110536. Epub 2024 Oct 28.

Gallbladder perforation due to biliary ascariasis: A case report

Abel Girma Demessie  1 , Suleiman Ayalew  2 , Michael A Negussie  3 , Masresha Bereket G Mariam  1 , Leaynadis Kassa Lake  1 , Cheru Lilay Gebrehiwet  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

Gallbladder perforation due to biliary ascariasis: A case report

Abel Girma Demessie et al. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2024 Dec.

Abstract

Introduction: Biliary ascariasis is a rare complication of Ascaris lumbricoides infestation, often leading to biliary obstruction and cholangitis. Gallbladder perforation secondary to biliary ascariasis is exceedingly uncommon.

Case presentation: A 28-year-old female farmer from a rural area presented with a one-year history of intermittent right upper quadrant pain, worsened by fatty meals. Her symptoms progressed a week before presentation to include fever, jaundice, dark urine, and pruritus. Examination revealed a positive Murphy sign and jaundice, with laboratory results showing leukocytosis and elevated bilirubin. Imaging confirmed biliary ascariasis with choledocholithiasis and ascending cholangitis. Intraoperatively, a sealed perforation of the gallbladder was found alongside a dead Ascaris and multiple stones in the common bile duct (CBD). Surgical intervention included removal of the worms and stones, cholecystectomy and CBD irrigation. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the patient was discharged with antihelminthic therapy.

Discussion: Biliary ascariasis is an infrequent cause of biliary obstruction but can lead to severe complications such as cholangitis and gallbladder perforation. Diagnosis is often clinical, supported by ultrasound and CT imaging. Management involves both medical and surgical approaches, including antibiotics and surgical removal of worms and stones. This case represents a type II gallbladder perforation, as per the Neimeier classification, where an abscess is contained by adhesions.

Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of recognizing parasitic infections as a potential cause of severe biliary complications, particularly in endemic regions.

Keywords: Ascaris lumbricoides; Biliary ascariasis; Case report; Choledocholithiasis; Gallbladder perforation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Abdominal ultrasound showing ascaris worm in the common bile duct.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Intraoperative picture revealing perforated gallbladder.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Photograph showing gallbladder stone and Ascaris lumbricoides.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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