Atypical respiratory symptoms due to hepatic hydatid cyst: A case report of emergency surgery

Abstract

Introduction: Cystic Echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus, primarily affects the liver and lungs, particularly in endemic regions. While commonly associated with gastrointestinal manifestations, CE can lead to severe complications that necessitate surgical intervention.

Case presentation: A 53-year-old female was referred due to a prolonged history of exertional dyspnea that recently worsened. Imaging studies indicated a large hydatid cyst in the right lobe of the liver and significant pleural effusion. Surgical management was conducted via thoracotomy, facilitating the excision of multiple cysts and drainage of the pleural fluid.

Discussion: This case illustrates the potential for respiratory symptoms to emerge from hydatid cyst infections, which often present with digestive issues. Effective diagnostic techniques are crucial for identifying the cysts and assessing their impact on surrounding structures. The surgical intervention not only relieved the patient's symptoms but also mitigated the risk of further complications associated with untreated cysts.

Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of recognizing atypical presentations of hepatic hydatid cysts. Timely surgical intervention was essential in managing the patient's condition, highlighting the critical role of prompt diagnosis and treatment in preventing serious complications.

Keywords: Case report; Cystic echinococcosis; Hydatid cysts; Thoracotomy.

Fig. 1

CT image show a heterogeneous liver with a prominent, well-defined hydatid cyst in the right lobe, approximately 10 cm in diameter.

Fig. 2

The image displays multiple hydatid cysts excised from the liver.

Fig. 3

The surgical intervention image shows the right diaphragm incised, providing access to the upper posterior aspect of the liver where the hepatic cysts were accessed and a drain was placed in the hepatic cavity.