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Published Erratum
. 2024 Nov 12;121(46):e2420892121.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.2420892121. Epub 2024 Oct 31.

Correction to Brook et al., Climate, demography, immunology, and virology combine to drive two decades of dengue virus dynamics in Cambodia

No authors listed
Published Erratum

Correction to Brook et al., Climate, demography, immunology, and virology combine to drive two decades of dengue virus dynamics in Cambodia

No authors listed. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
Demographic transition underpins declining force of infection and increasing age of reported dengue incidence in Cambodia. (A) Mean age of reported dengue infection, by province in the last year of the NDCP time series (2020). (B) Age distribution of reported dengue cases by year, with violin plots highlighting changes in the interquartile range of cases. The interannual trend in the mean age of dengue infection is plotted as a solid red line, with 95% CI by SE shown as a narrow, translucent band behind it (SI Appendix, Table S7). Epidemic years (2007, 2012, and 2019) are highlighted by a light blue, dashed line in the background. (C) National (black) and province-level (colored) estimates for the annual, per serotype, per capita force of infection from 1981 to 2020. 95% CI from the hessian matrix is shown as translucent shading. FOI estimates are compared against national birth and death rates for Cambodia across the time series, with epidemic years highlighted by vertical dashed lines. (D) Age modifiers to the FOI fit as shared across all provinces for 2002–2010 and 2011–2020 subsets of the data, with 95% CI from the hessian matrix shown as translucent shading. (E) Cumulative increase in the proportion of cases reported by age at the national level, colored by year. Data are shown as dotted lines and model output as solid lines. The model includes national FOI estimates from C, age modification terms from D, and time-varying waning multitypic immunity as shown in the Inset.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.
Bayesian time trees highlight geospatial structuring in evolutionary relationships for Cambodian dengue. (A) Map of Cambodia with locations of DENV serum samples genotyped from 2019 to 2022 in part with this study. Cases are grouped together within 10 km radii. The centroid of each case cluster is plotted, with circle size corresponding to sample number and shading corresponding to serotype and genotype [DENV-1 = green; DENV-2 Genotype-V = light blue; DENV-2 Cosmopolitan (Genotype-II) = navy; DENV-4 = orange]. The age distribution of cases by serotype and genotype is shown in the upper left; DENV-2 Cosmopolitan and DENV-4 infections occurred in significantly older age individuals than reference DENV-1 infections (linear regression; P < 0.001; SI Appendix, Table S10). (B) Number of genotyped DENV cases by year from febrile surveillance in this study, colored by serotype and genotype as shown in panel A. (C) Map of Southeast Asia with countries colored corresponding to sequences, as shown in tip points on phylogenetic timetrees constructed using BEAST 2 for DENV-1 and (D) DENV-2. The X-axis highlights divergence times between corresponding sequences. Reference sequences from GenBank are represented as circle tips and sequences contributed by active febrile surveillance in this study as triangles. Cambodia and corresponding sequences are shaded purple. Clade bars indicate the genotype of corresponding sequences within each serotype: genotype-1 for DENV-1 and Genotype-V and Cosmopolitan III (Genotype-II) for DENV-2. See SI Appendix, Fig. S19 for a detailed Inset of geographic localities for 2019–2022 Cambodia sequences. (E) Proportion of geolocated sequence pairs from panel A for DENV-1 (green) and DENV-2 (blue) genomes derived from the same transmission chain across progressively longer Euclidean distances. (F) Number of effective transmission chains for circulating DENV estimated across populations of varying densities. Black (urban) and gray (rural) circles with corresponding 95% CI depict estimates for Thailand from Salje et al. (8), while triangles depict estimates from our Kampong Speu active febrile surveillance study for DENV-1 (green) and DENV-2 (blue).
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