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Review
. 2024 Nov;25(11):e581-e588.
doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(24)00316-4.

Artificial Intelligence for Response Assessment in Neuro Oncology (AI-RANO), part 1: review of current advancements

Affiliations
Review

Artificial Intelligence for Response Assessment in Neuro Oncology (AI-RANO), part 1: review of current advancements

Javier E Villanueva-Meyer et al. Lancet Oncol. 2024 Nov.

Erratum in

Abstract

The development, application, and benchmarking of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to improve diagnosis, prognostication, and therapy in neuro-oncology are increasing at a rapid pace. This Policy Review provides an overview and critical assessment of the work to date in this field, focusing on diagnostic AI models of key genomic markers, predictive AI models of response before and after therapy, and differentiation of true disease progression from treatment-related changes, which is a considerable challenge based on current clinical care in neuro-oncology. Furthermore, promising future directions, including the use of AI for automated response assessment in neuro-oncology, are discussed.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of interests JML received grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH; P01CA118816), Department of Defense, and GE Healthcare. WLB reported receiving an honorarium from Stryker. PL received a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation; 428090865/SPP 2177). TCB received consulting fees from Microvention; is on speakers bureaus for Siemens Healthineers, Bayer, and Medtronic; and received grants from the Medical Research Council (MR/W021684/1) and the Wellcome Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Centre for Medical Engineering (WT 203,148/Z/16/Z). HJWLA received grants from the NIH (U24CA194354, U01CA190234, U01CA209414, R35CA22052, and U54CA27451), the European Research Council (866504), and the US Department of Veterans Affairs; and consulting fees from Onc.AI, Sphera, and Love Health. JCT received grants from Novocure and Munich Surgical Imaging; royalties from Springer Publishing; consulting fees from Novartis; an honorarium from the Italian Society for Neurology; and support to attend meetings of the Belgian Association for Neurooncology and Glioma Meeting Athens 2023. RJ received a grant from AIRS Medical. MAV received grants from Infuseon Therapeutics, Oncosynergy, and DeNovo Pharma; consulting fees from Servier Pharma and BioDexa Pharma; and holds patents and received royalties for drug delivery devices. RYH reported consulting fees from Nuvation Bio and Vysioneet. NG received a grant from the DFG (428090865/SPP 2177); honorarium from Blue Earth Diagnostics; and participated on an advisory board for Telix Pharmaceuticals. CD received grants from the NIH (U24CA189523, UL1TR001878, and R01NS042645). SB received grants from the NIH (U01CA242871 and UL1TR001878). RRC received grants from the NIH. MI received grants from the Musella Foundation Grant and the R&D Pilot Award from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. PT received grants from the NIH (U01CA248226, R01CA264017, and U01CA248226), the Veterans Affairs (VA) Merit Award (1I01BX005842-01A2), the DOD/PRCRP Career Development Award (W81XWH-18-1-0404), the Dana Foundation David Mahoney Neuroimaging Program, the V Foundation Translational Research Award, the Johnson & Johnson WiSTEM2D Award, the Ohio Third Frontier Technology Validation Fund, the Musella Foundation Grant, and the R&D Pilot Award from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. All other authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure:
Figure:. Schematic representation of AI-based workflow components
(A) Pre-processing to standardise input images while accounting for acquisition-induced variability and patient de-identification. (B) Segmentation to enable focus on specific regions of interest. (C) Feature extraction to translate independent pixel values within the segmented regions and other qualitative observational characteristics to quantitative data for integration with (D) machine learning towards training robust predictive, prognostic, and diagnostic models for inference in new unseen data. T1-Gd=T1 post-contrast weighted. T2-FLAIR=T2 fluid attenuated inversion recovery.

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