Potential Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comprehensive Review of MR Imaging, fMR Imaging, and PET Studies

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a characteristically heterogeneous disorder, as multiple neurodevelopmental disorders are characterized by similar symptomology and behavior. Research has shown that individuals with ASD benefit from early intervention; neuroimaging data may reveal information that cannot be obtained from traditional behavioral analysis. This review discusses the use of structural MR imaging, functional MR imaging (fMR imaging), and PET in the detection of ASD. Larger datasets, standardized methods of collection and analysis, and more robust meta-analyses are required to implement the observed biomarkers and improve the lives of patients living with AUD.

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; MR imaging; Neurodevelopmental disorders; PET.