Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Oct 31;28(11):620.
doi: 10.1007/s00784-024-06014-5.

Reliability, reference values and factors related to maximum bite force measured by the Innobyte system in healthy adults with natural dentitions

Mireia Ustrell-Barral  1 , Carla Zamora-Olave  1   2 , Laura Khoury-Ribas  1   2 , Bernat Rovira-Lastra  1   2 , Jordi Martinez-Gomis  3   4
Affiliations

Reliability, reference values and factors related to maximum bite force measured by the Innobyte system in healthy adults with natural dentitions

Mireia Ustrell-Barral et al. Clin Oral Investig. .

Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to determine the predictors of maximum bite force (MBF), as measured with the Innobyte system, and to assess the reliability and reference values for MBF in young adults with natural dentitions.

Methods: This cross-sectional test-retest study included 101 dental students with natural dentitions. Participants had their dental occlusion examined and completed three questionnaires: the Temporomandibular disorders Pain Screener, Oral Behavior Checklist, and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale. Body mass index and muscle mass percentage were determined, and handgrip strength was measured with a dynamometer. The MBF was measured with Innobyte, with reliability assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient, expressing reference values as MBF percentiles. Bivariate tests and multiple linear regression models were used for statistical analysis.

Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient for the MBF was 0.90, with 10th to 90th percentiles of 487-876 N for females and 529-1003 N for males. A positive relationship existed between the MBF and male sex, muscle mass percentage, overbite, handgrip strength, and possible sleep/awake bruxism. Stepwise regression showed that overbite, handgrip strength, and possible sleep/awake bruxism had the greatest effect on the MBF, explaining 27% of the variation.

Conclusions: This study provides reference values for MBF when using the Innobyte system and shows excellent reliability. Overbite, general strength, and self-reported bruxism appear to be important predictors of MBF.

Clinical relevance: Innobyte is a reliable device that can be used to measure MBF bilaterally. Self-reported bruxism is associated with an 8%-10% increase in MBF.

Keywords: Bite force; Bruxism; Handgrip strength; Overbite; Reference values; Reliability.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Plots of maximum bite force in the a test and b retest session by gender and by trial
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Lujan-Climent M, Martinez-Gomis J, Palau S, Ayuso-Montero R, Salsench J, Peraire M (2008) Influence of static and dynamic occlusal characteristics and muscle force on masticatory performance in dentate adults. Eur J Oral Sci 116:229–236. 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2008.00530.x - PubMed
    1. Gonçalves TMSV, Schimmel M, van der Bilt A, Chen J, van der Glas HW, Kohyama K, Hennequin M, Peyron MA, Woda A, Leles CR, José Pereira L (2021) Consensus on the terminologies and methodologies for masticatory assessment. J Oral Rehabil 48:745–761. 10.1111/joor.13161 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Melo ACM, Ledra IM, Vieira RA, Coró ER, Sartori IAM (2018) Maximum bite force of edentulous patients before and after dental implant rehabilitation: long-term follow-up and facial type influence. J Prosthodont 27:523–527. 10.1111/jopr.12544 - PubMed
    1. Atlas AM, Behrooz E, Barzilay I (2022) Can bite-force measurement play a role in dental treatment planning, clinical trials, and survival outcomes? A literature review and clinical recommendations. Quintessence Int 53:632–642. 10.3290/j.qi.b3044939 - PubMed
    1. Riera-Punet N, Martinez-Gomis J, Paipa A, Povedano M, Peraire M (2018) Alterations in the masticatory system in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Oral Facial Pain Headache 32:84–90. 10.11607/ofph.1882 - PubMed