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. 2024 Oct 15;58(18):91-97.
doi: 10.47895/amp.vi0.6160. eCollection 2024.

Antimicrobial Activity of Ardisia serrata (Cavs.) Pers. Ethanolic and Aqueous Leaf Extract on the Growth and Biofilm Formation of Selected Bacterial Isolates

Patrick Josemaria Dr Altavas  1 , Alfonso Rafael G Abaya  1 , Remo Vittorio Thaddeus D Abella  1 , Danna Lee A Acosta  1 , Angelica C Aguilar  1 , Camille Anne V Aguinaldo  1 , Katrina Loise L Aguirre  1 , Catherine Therese C Amante  1 , Karen B Amora  1 , Glen Aldrix R Anarna  1 , Rafael T Andrada  1 , Gere Ganixon T Ang  1 , Jeram Caezar R Angobung  1 , Angelo V Aquino 2nd  1 , Dennielle Ann P Arabis  1 , Hannah Luisa G Awitan  1 , Mary Faith D Baccay  1 , Chryz Angelo Jonathan B Bagsic  1 , Tomas V Baldosano Jr  1 , Cecilia C Maramba-Lazarte  2
Affiliations

Antimicrobial Activity of Ardisia serrata (Cavs.) Pers. Ethanolic and Aqueous Leaf Extract on the Growth and Biofilm Formation of Selected Bacterial Isolates

Patrick Josemaria Dr Altavas et al. Acta Med Philipp. .

Abstract

Background: Ardisia serrata (Aunasin) is an endemic Philippine plant of the family Primulaceae, with several studies showing the genus Ardisia as having potential antibacterial, antiangiogenic, cytotoxic, and antipyretic properties.

Objective: This study aims to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm-forming activity of Ardisia serrata ethanolic and aqueous extracts on Escherichia coli, Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Methods: This is an experimental study testing the activity against bacterial strains of E. coli, MSSA, and MRSA using ethanolic and aqueous extracts of A. serrata leaves. Microtiter susceptibility and biofilm inhibition assays were done with two-fold dilutions of the extract against the selected strains using spectrophotometry with optical density (OD) at 600 nm and 595 nm, respectively, to quantify bacterial growth and biofilm inhibition. The bacterial susceptibility and biofilm inhibition activity was reported as percent inhibition (PI). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) values were obtained using logarithmic regression of the PI values.

Results: A. serrata ethanolic extracts showed weak growth inhibitory activity against MSSA and MRSA with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 2.6192 and 3.2988 mg/mL, respectively, but no biofilm inhibition activity was noted, while the aqueous extracts exhibited negligible biofilm inhibition activity against MSSA and MRSA with minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC) values of 13.5972 and 8964.82 mg/mL, respectively, and with no growth inhibition activity. Both ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed no growth inhibition and biofilm inhibition activities against E. coli.

Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus is susceptible to the bioactivity of the leaf extracts of A. serrata and has potential to be used as an antibacterial in the treatment of infectious diseases.

Keywords: Ardisia pyrmidalis; Ardisia serrata; Cavs; Escherichia coli; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus; antimicrobial; aqueous extract; ethanolic extract; natural product.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declared no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Percent inhibitions of the ethanolic extract against (A) MSSA, (B) MRSA, and (C) E. coli, and aqueous extract against (D) MSSA, (E) MRSA, and (F) E. coli.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Antibiofilm activities of the ethanolic extract against (A) E. coli, (B) MSSA, and (C) MRSA, and aqueous extract against (D) E. coli, (E) MSSA, and (F) MRSA.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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