Unveiling the link between physical parameters and safety in cardiac rehabilitation: Longitudinal observational study: Physical parameters and cardiac adverse events

Abstract

Objective: To identify the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and quadriceps muscle strength and the occurrence of minor adverse events in a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Output of a CR programme for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Patients: Seventy individuals who were diagnosed with CVD and/or risk factors and 7 who were excluded due to a low adherence rate in exercise sessions (<70%), 4 due to errors in oxygen consumption recorded during the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and 11 because they decided to withdraw from the study. The data of 38 participants were analyzed.

Interventions: Not applicable.

Main outcome measures: Quadriceps muscle strength was assessed by an isokinetic dynamometer and by a manual dynamometer. Functional capacity was assessed by the CPET and by a six-minute walk test (6MWT). Participants were monitored by a physiotherapist during 24 exercise sessions to identify and register adverse events.

Results: Significant associations were detected between adverse events and quadriceps muscle strength assessed by an isokinetic dynamometer (peak torque, B=-2.0(-2.0;0.0), p=0.047), between functional capacity assessed by the CPET (peak torque, B=-0.3(-2.4;0.0), p=0.019), between fatigue and functional capacity assessed by the CPET (VO2max, B=-1.3(-2.9;0.0), p=0.005) and between quadriceps muscle strength assessed by an isokinetic dynamometer (peak torque, B=-10.0(-2.7;0.0); p=0.010).

Conclusions: Lower functional capacity and quadriceps muscle strength seem to be associated with a greater incidence of adverse events during exercise sessions.

Keywords: Adverse events; Cardiac rehabilitation; Functional capacity; Muscle strength; Signs and symptoms.