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. 2024 Dec:111:107136.
doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107136. Epub 2024 Oct 30.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of triterpenoids from Chaenomeles speciosa leaves: Process optimization, adsorptive enrichment, chemical profiling, and protection against ulcerative colitis

Mengyang Hou  1 , Jingchun Shi  1 , Chengyuan Lin  1 , Lin Zhu  2 , Zhaoxiang Bian  3
Affiliations

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of triterpenoids from Chaenomeles speciosa leaves: Process optimization, adsorptive enrichment, chemical profiling, and protection against ulcerative colitis

Mengyang Hou et al. Ultrason Sonochem. 2024 Dec.

Abstract

For the valorization of Chaenomeles speciosa leaves, this study focused on extraction, enrichment, chemical profiling, and investigation of the biological activity of its abundant triterpenoid components. Initially, the total triterpenoids in C. speciosa leaves were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method, with the extraction process optimized through response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimal conditions of extraction solvent 93 % EtOH, ultrasound power 390 W, extraction time 30 min, extraction temperature 70 °C, liquid-to-solid ratio 25 mL/g, and 2 extraction cycles, the maximum total triterpenoids yield (TTY) reached 36.77 ± 0.40 mg/g. The total triterpenoids in the crude extract were subsequently enriched by X-5 resin column chromatography, resulting in a fourfold increase in purity, reaching 73.27 ± 0.84 %. Thirteen compounds in the triterpenoid-rich fraction (TRF) were identified through UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and five major triterpenoids (oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, maslinic acid, and pomolic acid) were simultaneously quantified by HPLC-QQQ-MS. Furthermore, TRF demonstrated a notable amelioration against dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice, indicating its promise as a potent intervention for this condition. In summary, this study will contribute to enhancing the utilization efficiency of Chaenomeles speciosa leaves.

Keywords: Chaenomeles speciosa leaves; Enrichment; Triterpenoids; UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, HPLC-QQQ-MS, Ulcerative colitis; Ultrasound-assisted extraction.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Effects of independent variables on the TTY. (A) EtOH concentration; (B) ultrasonic power; (C) extraction time; (D) extraction temperature; (E) liquid-to-solid ratio; (F) number of extraction cycles.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Response surface plots and contour plots for the interaction between different factors affecting TTY. (A) X1 and X2; (B) X1 and X3 (C) X1 and X4; (D) X2 and X3; (E) X2 and X4; (F) X3 and X4.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Gradient elution curve.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The overlapped EIC peaks of identified compounds.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
(A) The SIM signals for the five triterpenoid standards; (B) The SIM signals for pomolic acid (peak 1) and maslinic acid (peak 2) in TRF; (C) The SIM signals for betulinic acid (peak 3), oleanolic acid (peak 4), and ursolic acid (peak 5) in TRF.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Protection of TRF against ulcerative colitis in mice. (A) Experimental design diagram; (B) Daily bodyweight changes of mice; (C) DAI scores of mice in each group; (D) Representative colon tissue images of mice in each group; (E) Histogram of colon length of mice in each group; (F) Histogram of spleen index of mice in each group; (G) Histological scores determined from H&E-stained colons of mice in each group; (H) Representative H&E staining images of colon tissues from mice in each group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 compared to the model group.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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