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Review
. 2024 Nov 1;16(11):e72816.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.72816. eCollection 2024 Nov.

Unraveling Pancreatic Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Global Trends

Rana Muhammad Anss Bin Qadir  1 , Musab Bin Umair  2 , Umar Bin Tariq  3 , Arslan Ahmad  4 , Wajeeha Kiran  5 , M Hasaan Shahid  6
Affiliations
Review

Unraveling Pancreatic Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Global Trends

Rana Muhammad Anss Bin Qadir et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies, characterized by late diagnosis, rapid progression, and limited treatment options. This literature review comprehensively examines the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic challenges, treatment modalities, and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. It highlights the global disparities in incidence and outcomes, exploring the influence of socioeconomic, environmental, and genetic factors on disease progression. In addition, this review discusses recent advancements in diagnostic tools and treatment strategies, identifying gaps in current research and clinical practices. The synthesis aims to inform future research directions and policy-making efforts to reduce the global burden of pancreatic cancer and improve patient outcomes.

Keywords: brca mutations; chronic pancreatitis; neoadjuvant therapy; pancreatic cancer; pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (pdac).

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Five-year survival rates for pancreatic cancer based on its American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage
This graph was created by one of the authors using data from the cited article.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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