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Review
. 2024 Oct 18:15:1440456.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1440456. eCollection 2024.

A critical review on diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 management approaches: from lifestyle modification to current and novel targets and therapeutic agents

Bantayehu Addis Tegegne  1 , Adane Adugna  2 , Aderaw Yenet  1 , Wubetu Yihunie Belay  1 , Yared Yibeltal  1 , Abebe Dagne  1 , Zigale Hibstu Teffera  2 , Gashaw Azanaw Amare  2 , Desalegn Abebaw  2 , Haymanot Tewabe  2 , Rahel Belete Abebe  3 , Tirsit Ketsela Zeleke  1
Affiliations
Review

A critical review on diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 management approaches: from lifestyle modification to current and novel targets and therapeutic agents

Bantayehu Addis Tegegne et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has emerged as an international health epidemic due to its rapid rise in prevalence. Consequently, scientists and or researchers will continue to find novel, safe, effective, and affordable anti-diabetic medications. The goal of this review is to provide a thorough overview of the role that lifestyle changes play in managing diabetes, as well as the standard medications that are currently being used to treat the condition and the most recent advancements in the development of novel medical treatments that may be used as future interventions for the disease. A literature search was conducted using research databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar, etc. Data were then abstracted from these publications using words or Phrases like "pathophysiology of diabetes", "Signe and symptoms of diabetes", "types of diabetes", "major risk factors and complication of diabetes", "diagnosis of diabetes", "lifestyle modification for diabetes", "current antidiabetic agents", and "novel drugs and targets for diabetes management" that were published in English and had a strong scientific foundation. Special emphasis was given to the importance of lifestyle modification, as well as current, novel, and emerging/promising drugs and targets helpful for the management of both T1DM and T2DM.

Keywords: current anti-diabetics; diabetes mellitus; lifestyle modification; novel drugs and targets; phtomedicines; probiotics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A schematic representation of the common signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Disorders of glycaemia: etiological categories and clinical phases. IGT, Impaired Glucose tolerance; IFG, Impaired Fasting Glucose.
Figure 3
Figure 3
A diagrammatic representation of the pathogenesis of T1DM.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Model of carbohydrate response element-binding protein-mediated β-Cell glucotoxicity: Adapted From (25).
Figure 5
Figure 5
A diagrammatic illustration of the mechanism of β-cell dysfunction.
Figure 6
Figure 6
A diagram showing the common risk factor of inflammation for diabetes mellitus of both Types 1 and Type 2.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Regenerative and role GABA in pancreas beta cell: Adapted From (101).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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