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Multicenter Study
. 2024 Nov;65(11):1172-1179.

Risk factors for canine infectious respiratory disease complex and the pathogens associated with the disease

Zenhwa Ouyang  1 , Daniel Joffe  1 , J Scott Weese  1 , Theresa Bernardo  1 , Aimee Porter  1 , Stephanie Villemaire  1 , Marie-Eve Cardin  1 , Ken Langelier  1 , Jamie Mcgill-Worsley  1 , Karren Prost  1 , Zvonimir Poljak  1
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Risk factors for canine infectious respiratory disease complex and the pathogens associated with the disease

Zenhwa Ouyang et al. Can Vet J. 2024 Nov.

Abstract
in English, French

Background: Canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) is a common respiratory condition typically associated with high-density populations.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the most common pathogens involved in CIRDC and to identify risk factors (pathogens, environmental exposures) associated with the diagnosis.

Animals and procedure: A prospective, multi-clinic, case-control study was conducted in Canada from April 2017 to May 2018. A total of 110 dogs (74 cases, 36 controls) were enrolled by participating veterinary clinics. Pathogens were detected using a respiratory PCR panel.

Results: Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), Bordetella bronchiseptica, and canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) were detected in cases only. According to 2 logistic regression models, detection of CPIV (OR: 14.42; 95% CI: 2.24 to ∞) and CRCoV (OR: 8.64; 95% CI: 1.26 to ∞) were associated with CIRDC disease status. In another model, exposures to multiple-dog gatherings also increased the odds (OR: 3.39; 95% CI: 1.26 to 9.81) of CIRDC diagnosis.

Conclusions: Consistent with other studies, this study determined that CPIV, CRCoV, and B. bronchiseptica were important contributors to CIRDC cases. Detection of CPIV and CRCoV and exposure to areas of dog gatherings were identified as having a role in disease status when evaluated statistically, under the conditions of this study.

Facteurs de risque du complexe de maladies respiratoires infectieuses canines et agents pathogènes associés à la maladie.

Contexte: Le complexe de maladies respiratoires infectieuses canines (CIRDC) est une affection respiratoire courante généralement associée aux populations à forte densité.

Objectifs: Les objectifs de cette étude étaient de déterminer les agents pathogènes les plus courants impliqués dans le CIRDC et d’identifier les facteurs de risque (agents pathogènes, expositions environnementales) associés au diagnostic.

Animaux et procédure: Une étude prospective multi-clinique cas-témoins a été menée au Canada d’avril 2017 à mai 2018. Au total, 110 chiens (74 cas, 36 témoins) ont été recrutés par les cliniques vétérinaires participantes. Les agents pathogènes ont été détectés à l’aide d’un panel de PCR respiratoire.

Résultats: Le virus parainfluenza canin (CPIV), Bordetella bronchiseptica et le coronavirus respiratoire canin (CRCoV) n’ont été détectés que dans les cas. Selon 2 modèles de régression logistique, la détection de CPIV (OR: 14,42; IC à 95 %: 2,24 à ∞) et de CRCoV (OR: 8,64; IC à 95 %: 1,26 à ∞) était associée au statut de la maladie CIRDC. Dans un autre modèle, l’exposition à des rassemblements de plusieurs chiens augmentait également les chances (OR: 3,39; IC à 95 %: 1,26 à 9,81) de diagnostic de CIRDC.

Conclusions: Conformément à d’autres études, cette étude a déterminé que CPIV, CRCoV et B. bronchiseptica étaient des contributeurs importants aux cas de CIRDC. La détection de CPIV et de CRCoV et l’exposition à des zones de rassemblement de chiens ont été identifiées comme ayant un rôle dans le statut de la maladie lorsqu’elles ont été évaluées statistiquement, dans les conditions de cette étude.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Distributions of age (in years) for cases and controls, with results of univariable exact logistic regression with disease status as the outcome.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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