Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Nov 1;103(44):e40339.
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000040339.

Prevalence of HIV/AIDS among pregnant women in North American region: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Nosheena Akhter Shabbir  1 , Sara Bashir Kant  2 , Kainat Rashid  3 , Uzma Hafeez  4 , Aiza Ali Akbar  2 , Syeda Wajiha Batool  2 , Alif Hasan Pranto  5 , Jemema Zaman  6 , Hasan Shahriyer Tonmoy  5 , Md Rashedul Islam  5 , M M Rubaiyat Muntasir Meem  5 , Dewan Zubaer Islam  7 , Ehsan Suez  8 , Shahad Saif Khandker  9 , Amna Akbar  10 , Muhammad Iftikhar Khattak  11 , Amir Iqbal Ali  12 , Sarosh Khan Jadoon  12 , Attarab Shakeel  2 , Maryam Zubair  13 , Sarosh Alvi  14
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of HIV/AIDS among pregnant women in North American region: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Nosheena Akhter Shabbir et al. Medicine (Baltimore). .

Abstract

Background: As a major maternal health concern, the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among pregnant women was previously investigated in European, African, and Latin American regions other than the North American region. This study analyzed the prevalence of HIV among pregnant women in the North American region including 3 major countries: the USA, Canada, and Mexico.

Methods: Relevant studies were screened from 3 online databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using specific search keywords. Ultimately, 10 studies of the North American region were included with a total of 339,831 pregnant women residing in the USA, Canada, and Mexico.

Results: The overall pooled prevalence was 0.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4-0.8) with a high degree of heterogeneity (I2 = 97%). Pooled prevalence rates of HIV among pregnant women in Canada, Mexico, and the USA were 0.3% (95% CI: 0.1-0.5), 0.5% (95% CI: 0.2-0.8), and 2.3% (95% CI: 0.0-5.7), respectively with high degrees of heterogeneity.

Conclusion: The overall prevalence rate of HIV among pregnant women in the USA, Canada, and Mexico was minimal as compared with the countries of Eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, or Latin America. Awareness, adequate testing and healthcare facilities, better socioeconomic, and geopolitical conditions might be crucial to lowering the prevalence of HIV among pregnant women.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
PRISMA flow diagram. PRISMA = the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Geographical presentation of the prevalence of nephropathy among diabetes patients in the North American region.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Forest plot of the pooled prevalence of nephropathy among diabetes patients.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Forest plot of the prevalence of nephropathy among diabetes patients in (A) Canada, (B) USA, and (C) Mexico.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Funnel plot assessing publication bias.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Galbraith plot indicating outlier studies.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Forest plot of the prevalence of nephropathy among diabetes patients using random effect model (excluding outlier studies).
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Forest plot of the prevalence of nephropathy among diabetes patients using fixed effect model (excluding outlier studies).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Sharp PM, Hahn BH. Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2011;1:a006841. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Chen X, Yu B, Zhao L. The evaluation of global epidemic of HIV/AIDS with a novel approach using country-specific counts of HIV infections and three rates controlled for population and geographic area. Glob Health J. 2019;3:66–72.
    1. Coovadia HM, Hadingham J. HIV/AIDS: global trends, global funds and delivery bottlenecks. Global Health. 2005;1:1–10. - PMC - PubMed
    1. WHO. HIV and AIDS. 2023. [cited September 22, 2023]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids. Accessed July 15, 2024.
    1. WHO. HIV. 2023. [cited September 22, 2023]. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/hiv-aids#:~:text=Since%20the%20.... Accessed July 21, 2024.