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. 2024 Nov 4;14(1):26576.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-76824-w.

Detection of carbapenemases in Enterobacterales and other Gram-negative bacilli recovered from hospital and municipal wastewater in Mexico City

Maria Magdalena Urzua-Abad  1   2 , Alejandra Aquino-Andrade  2 , Juan Arturo Castelan-Vega  3 , Jocelin Merida-Vieyra  2 , Rosa Maria Ribas-Aparicio  1 , Laura Belmont-Monroy  2 , Alicia Jimenez-Alberto  1 , Gerardo Aparicio-Ozores  4
Affiliations

Detection of carbapenemases in Enterobacterales and other Gram-negative bacilli recovered from hospital and municipal wastewater in Mexico City

Maria Magdalena Urzua-Abad et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Wastewater serves as a reservoir for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study revealed the presence of carbapenem-resistant and carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), established clonal relationships among isolates in hospital and municipal wastewater, and identified a high-risk clone in municipal wastewater. A total of 63 isolates of GNB were obtained, with Enterobacterales being the most frequently isolated group (62%). Carbapenemase-producing Lelliottia amnigena, Kluyvera cryocrescens, and Shewanella putrefaciens isolates were documented for the first time in Mexico. The detectableted carbapenemase genes were blaKPC (55%), blaNDM (12%), blaVIM-2 (12%), blaOXA-48 (4%), blaGES (2%), blaNDM-1 (2%), and blaNDM-5 (2%). Clonal relationships were observed among Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. isolates, and remarkably the high-risk clone Escherichia coli ST361, carrying blaNDM-5, was identified. This study demonstrates that wastewater harbours carbapenem-resistant and carbapenemase-producing bacteria, posing a public health threat that requires epidemiological surveillance.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Distribution of species obtained from hospital and municipal wastewater. The most frequent genera were Aeromonas and Klebsiella.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Dendrograms based on PFGE patterns after digestion of Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. with XbaI. (a) Klebsiella spp. (b) Enterobacter spp.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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