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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2024 Nov 4;14(1):26620.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-78162-3.

Clinical effectiveness of guided breathing exercises in reducing anxiety, stress, and depression in COVID-19 patients

Sara Sheikh  1 , Asma Rostami  1 , Azam Shahbazi  2 , Fahime Abdollahi Nezhad  2 , Omonabi Khazai  2 , Azizollah Arbabisarjou  3
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Clinical effectiveness of guided breathing exercises in reducing anxiety, stress, and depression in COVID-19 patients

Sara Sheikh et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the prevalence of anxiety, stress and depression among affected people. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the clinical effectiveness of guided breathing exercises in reducing anxiety, stress and depression in patients with COVID-19. A quasi-experimental study design was used, involving a sample of COVID-19 patients who underwent guided breathing exercises as a complementary therapy. After simple sampling, eligible subjects were randomly divided into two groups: intervention (30 patients) and control (30 patients) using random block method. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire was administered before and after the intervention to evaluate changes in anxiety, stress, and depression levels. The results of this study demonstrated that clinically guided breathing exercises had a significant effect on reducing anxiety and stress in COVID-19 patients. The intervention significantly reduced anxiety and stress scores (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant reduction in depression scores among patients who participated in guided breathing exercises (p = 0.946). Guided breathing exercises are an effective complementary technique in reducing the level of anxiety and stress in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, the exercises may provide a worthy non-pharmacological approach to managing psychological distress in COVID-19 patients.

Keywords: Anxiety; COVID-19; Depression; Depression anxiety stress Scale-21 (DASS-21); Guided breathing exercises; Stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Research flow diagram based on CONSORT statement.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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