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. 2024 Oct 18:24:101909.
doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101909. eCollection 2024 Dec 30.

Comparison and chemometrics analysis of phenolic compounds and mineral elements in Artemisia Argyi Folium from different geographical origins

Lifei Hu  1   2   3 , Fengxiao Zhu  1 , Yifan Wang  1 , Tao Wu  2   3 , Xin Wu  2   3 , Zhian Huang  2 , Daihua Sun  3 , Mingxing Liu  1
Affiliations

Comparison and chemometrics analysis of phenolic compounds and mineral elements in Artemisia Argyi Folium from different geographical origins

Lifei Hu et al. Food Chem X. .

Abstract

The quality of Artemisia Argyi Folium (AAF), a traditional Chinese food ingredient, is intrinsically linked to its geographical origin, which this study explores through phenolic compounds and mineral elements. The contents of 17 phenols and 18 minerals differed significantly between geographically distinct samples according to UHPLC and ICP-MS, respectively. Chemometrics indicated that a supervised model, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), outperformed unsupervised methods at classifying AAF samples by their origins. Phenols were more effective at distinguishing samples from seven provinces, while minerals were adept at differentiating samples from the Dabie Mountain region (three provinces) and those from four other provinces. Six phenols and 10 minerals were important variables for discrimination. Complex correlations were observed between the contents of various phenols and minerals in AAF, with minerals possibly affecting the accumulation of phenols. This study provides an approach for distinguishing geographically distinct AAF samples and determining their geographical origins.

Keywords: Artemisia Argyi Folium; Chemometrics; Geographical origin; Mineral elements; Phenolic compounds.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Geographical information of AAF samples from seven provinces in China.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
UHPLC analysis of 100 batches of AAF samples from seven provinces in China. (A) UHPLC fingerprints of 100 batches of AAF samples and the reference fingerprint (R); (B) UHPLC chromatograms of AAF sample (S1) and reference solution (S2). Peaks 1 to 17 represent neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, schaftoside, isoquercitrin, isochlorogenic acid B, cynarine, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C, 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid, apigenin, hispidulin, jaceosidin, 5,7,3′-trihydroxy-6,4′,5′-trimethoxyflavone, eupatilin, and vitexicarpin.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Chemometric analysis of phenolic compounds in AAF samples from different geographical origins. (A) Pearson's correlation plot of the contents of 17 phenolic compounds. (A) Heat map analysis of the HCA classification of AAF samples and 17 phenolic compounds. (B) Biplot of the PCA of AAF samples from seven provinces and 17 phenolic compounds. (C) OPLS-DA score scatter plot. (D) Correlation circle between phenolic compounds and AAF samples. (E) VIP scores plot. (F) ROC curve of OPLS-DA (phenolic compounds).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Chemometric analysis of mineral elements in AAF samples from different geographical origins. (A) Heat map analysis of HCA classification of AAF samples and 18 mineral elements. (B) Biplot of PCA of AAF samples from 7 provinces and 18 mineral elements. (C) OPLS-DA score scatter plot (seven provinces). (D) OPLS-DA score scatter plot (five regions). Dabie Mountain region (DB). (E) Correlation circle between mineral elements and AAF samples. (F) VIP scores plot. (G) ROC curve of OPLS-DA (mineral elements).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Correlation coefficients between the contents of phenolic compounds and mineral elements in AAF.
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