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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2024 Dec 15:397:578470.
doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578470. Epub 2024 Oct 28.

Influence of cocaine use reduction on markers of immune function

William W Stoops  1 , Thomas P Shellenberg  2 , Sean D Regnier  3 , David H Cox  3 , Reuben Adatorwovor  4 , Lon R Hays  5 , Danielle M Anderson  5 , Joshua A Lile  6 , Joy M Schmitz  7 , Jennifer R Havens  8 , Suzanne C Segerstrom  9
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Influence of cocaine use reduction on markers of immune function

William W Stoops et al. J Neuroimmunol. .

Abstract

This study determined the effects of reduced cocaine use on immune function. Treatment seeking participants with Cocaine Use Disorder enrolled in a 12-week contingency management trial to reduce cocaine use. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to High Value Reinforcers (i.e., $55/negative urine sample) for cocaine abstinence (n = 41), Low Value Reinforcers (i.e., $13/negative urine sample) for cocaine abstinence (n = 33) or Non-Contingent Control (n = 33). Immune measures were collected at 6-week intervals. The High Value group had greatest use reductions, increased erythema and IL-6 and decreased IL-10 and CCL5, suggesting an activated immune response. Cocaine use reduction may promote changes in immune health.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03224546.

Keywords: Clinical trial; Cocaine; Human; Immune.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Retention Rates by Group Note. Retention rates by group are plotted as a percentage of randomized participants that remained in the trial by the end of each week. Participants who missed eight consecutive visits without a medical or personal exemption were removed from the trial.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Average Percent BE-Negative Urine by Group Note. Average percent BE-negative urine samples over the 12-week intervention and follow-up period for participants assigned to the High Value Alternative Reinforcer (circles), Low Value Alternative Reinforcer (squares) or Control (triangles) groups. X Axis: weeks in study (weeks 16–36 are post-treatment follow-up visits). 0 indicates baseline visit results. Values were calculated by dividing the number of negative urine samples collected during each week by the number of positive urine samples collected during the same week. Missed visits were counted as missing data and not included in the denominator.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Average log IL-10, IL-6, and CCL5 values by Group Note. Average log IL-10 (top panel), IL-6 (middle panel) and CCL5 (bottom panel) over the 12-week intervention and follow-up period for participants assigned to the High Value Alternative Reinforcer (circles), Low Value Alternative Reinforcer (squares) or Control (triangles) groups. X Axis: weeks in treatment. Brackets: Standard deviation
Figure 4
Figure 4
DTH Measures at Baseline, Week 6, and Week 12 Note. DTH reactions (induration [left panels] and erythema [right panels] to Candida Yeast transformed as z-scores for all participants across three intervention timepoints (Baseline [top panels], Week 6 [middle panels], and Week 12 [bottom panels]). X-axis: percent of all urine samples up to each of the three timepoints that were benzoylecgonine-negative for each participant for each timeframe.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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