Clinical profile of herpes zoster-related hospitalizations and complications: A French population-based database study

Abstract

Objective: To estimate the incidence of hospitalization with a diagnosis of herpes zoster (HZ) and post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) in France between 2013 and 2020, overall and stratified by age-group and immune status.

Methods: Retrospective observational, database study, using the French hospital discharge database, which includes private and public data for all day-care and inpatient stays. Adults aged ≥18 years, hospitalized between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2020, with a diagnosis of HZ or PHN, were included.

Results: Overall, 62 077 adults had a first hospitalization with a diagnosis of HZ or PHN during the observation period. HZ and/or PHN incidence ranged between 14.6 and 16.3 hospitalizations/100 000 persons and was highest in people aged ≥80 years (97.6 hospitalizations/100 000 persons). The immunocompromised (IC) population accounted for 22% of the overall study population. IC patients had longer lengths of stay for HZ per episode compared with non-IC patients (15.5 ± 19.4 days vs 12.2 ± 13.5 days) and higher in-patient mortality (8% vs 4%). Average annual hospitalization costs per patient were higher in the IC vs non-IC population (€8018 vs €5603).

Conclusions: Older age increases hospitalization rates up to 6-fold and IC status increases in-patient mortality up to two-fold.

Clinical trial registration: The study was conducted by HEVA and data were provided by ATIH according to French regulatory and data protection procedures.

Keywords: Herpes zoster; Hospitalization; Incidence; Post-herpetic neuralgia.