Outcomes of extracorporeal life support in hypothermic cardiac arrest: Revisiting ELSO guidelines

Abstract

Aim of the study: Predictive factors for poor outcomes in hypothermic cardiac arrest (HCA) differ from those in normothermic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in HCA patients who may not be considered eligible based on the guidelines set by the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO).

Methods: A retrospective multicentre study included 127 HCA patients, divided into two groups: those meeting the ELSO eligibility criteria for ECLS, and those with at least one of the following ELSO exclusion criteria: age over 70 years, unwitnessed cardiac arrest, or asystole.

Results: Among the 62 patients who met the ELSO criteria, 38 (61 %) survived to hospital discharge, with 34 (89 %) achieving a favourable neurological outcomes. Of the 65 patients who received ECLS despite not meeting ELSO criteria, 24 (37 %) survived to discharge, with 20 (83 %) demonstrating a favourable neurological outcomes. In patients not meeting one or two ELSO criteria, survival rates were 18 of 47 (38 %) and 6 of 16 (38 %) respectively, with 83 % of survivors in both groups achieving favourable neurological outcomes. The two patients who failed to meet all three ELSO criteria did not survive.

Conclusion: Qualification of patients with hypothermic cardiac arrest for ECLS rewarming should not be strictly based on guidelines for normothermic cardiac arrest, as this may result in not initiating potentially life-saving treatment for patients who could have favourable prognoses for survival with good neurological outcomes.

Keywords: Cardiac arrest; Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation; Extracorporeal life support; Hypothermia.